背景:类似精神病的经历(PLE),包括幻觉和妄想,通常存在于健康人群中,和他们的坚持,质量,严重程度与精神疾病的发展有关,包括精神分裂症和其他不良的社会心理后果。城市化,抑郁症,和其他社会心理压力源与PLE有关。然而,拉丁美洲(LATAM)国家的PLE证据仍然很少,智利没有关于PLE的研究。这项研究的主要目的是根据健康的其他社会决定因素,在全国代表性样本中描述PLE的患病率。
方法:分析了智利国家健康调查(ENS2016-2017)的最新结果。PLE来自综合国际诊断访谈(CIDI)3.0,并包含在本调查中。其他社会心理变量(年龄,性别,教育水平,财务压力,抑郁症状,和城市化)也包括在内进行进一步分析。排除标准为(1)>=65岁和<18岁,和(2)以前诊断或治疗精神分裂症或双相情感障碍。描述性统计被用来描述数据,和Poisson回归模型对变量进行加权,并发现与PLEs的心理社会相关性。
结果:本研究考虑了2095名受试者(女性62.9%,平均年龄=42.5,SD=13.5)。智利PLE(>=1PLE)的终生患病率为12.9%。视觉幻觉是最常见的PLE(9.6%),参考的想法是最不常见的(0.4%)。泊松回归模型显示,与非大城市相比,大康塞普西翁城市(OR=2.56)和大瓦尔帕莱索城市(OR=1.69)的PLE患病率更高。另一方面,与其他年龄组相比,18~24岁组的PLEs患病率较高.与教育状况没有相关性,财务压力,或抑郁症状。
结论:在智利普通人群中发现了相对较高的PLE患病率,特别是生活在大城市地区的年轻人(瓦尔帕莱索大区和康塞普西翁大区),这与以前的研究是一致的。考虑到低教育水平与经济或抑郁症状之间没有相关性,有必要进行更多的研究来关联其他城市相关变量,比如自然灾害,药物消费,以及家庭或邻里暴力。
BACKGROUND: Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs), which include hallucinations and delusional experiences, are usually present in healthy populations, and their persistence, quality, and severity are associated with the development of psychiatric diseases, including schizophrenia and other poor psychosocial outcomes. Urbanicity, depression, and other psychosocial stressors have been associated with PLEs. However, evidence of PLEs in Latin American (LATAM) countries is still scarce, and there are no studies about PLEs in Chile. The main aim of this study is to describe the prevalence of PLEs in a nationally representative sample according to other social determinants of health.
METHODS: The last results of the Chilean National Health Survey (ENS 2016-2017) were analyzed. PLEs were obtained from the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) 3.0 and included in this survey. Other psychosocial variables (age, sex, educational level, financial stress, depressive symptoms, and urbanicity) were also included for further analysis. Exclusion criteria were (1) > = 65 and < 18 years old, and (2) previous diagnosis or treatment for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Descriptive statistics were used to describe data, and Poisson regression models were performed to weight variables and find psychosocial correlations with PLEs.
RESULTS: 2095 subjects were considered for this study (women 62.9% and mean age = 42.5, SD = 13.5). The lifetime prevalence of the PLEs (> = 1 PLE) in Chile was 12.9%. Visual hallucinations were the most common PLE (9.6%), and ideas of reference were the least common (0.4%). The Poisson regression model showed a higher prevalence of PLEs in the Gran Concepción conurbation (OR = 2.56) and Gran Valparaíso conurbation (OR = 1.69) compared with non-big cities. On the other hand, the 18-24 year group had higher PLEs prevalence compared to other age groups. No correlations were found with educational status, financial stress, or depressive symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS: A relatively high prevalence of PLEs was found in the Chilean general population, particularly in youth living in large urban areas (Gran Valparaíso and Gran Concepción), which is compatible with previous research. Considering that there were no correlations between low educational level and financial or depressive symptoms, it is necessary to have more studies that correlate other urban relevant variables, such as natural disasters, drug consumption, and domestic or neighborhood violence.