Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Previous work has found increased endorsement of psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) among marginalized racial and ethnic groups. According to social determinants frameworks, marginalized groups are at increased risk for exposure to socio-environmental risk factors, including systemic factors (eg, poverty and poor housing conditions) and social stressors (eg, discrimination). We examine the extent to which environmental risk factors and stress account for associations between racial/ethnic groups with PLEs.
METHODS: Analyses included 11,876 young adolescents 9 to 10 years of age from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Mediation models assessed whether stress at 1-year follow-up indirectly linked baseline environmental risk to later distressing PLEs at 2-year follow-up. Serial mediation models examined whether environmental risk and stress indirectly accounted for variation among racial/ethnic groups in self-reported distressing PLEs.
RESULTS: Through principal component and mediation analyses, we found evidence that the link between environmental risk (eg, poverty and exposure to crime) and distressing PLEs was mediated by stress. There was also evidence that higher endorsement of distressing PLEs within the Black and Hispanic groups was serially mediated by greater environmental risk and greater stress.
CONCLUSIONS: The analyses provide evidence that the associations between marginalized racial and ethnic identities with the endorsement of PLEs partially reflects the sequelae of systemic socio-environmental factors. Findings suggest the potential for intervening upon environmental risk factors to target the reduction of cumulative stress over time, which may in turn buffer against the development of PLEs.
CONCLUSIONS: Using longitudinal data from 11,876 young adolescents aged 9-10 from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, this study examined environmental (e.g., poverty) and stress-related factors (e.g., experiences of discrimination, childhood adversity) that are associated with psychotic-like experiences, and whether these factors explain racial/ethnic differences in psychotic-like experiences. The authors found evidence that the association between these environmental risk factors and psychotic-like experiences is partially explained by cumulative stress, and that differences in psychotic-like experiences across racial/ethnic groups were accounted for by both environmental risk factors and stress. Results highlight that systemic factors may explain higher levels of psychotic-like experiences among historically marginalized racial/ethnic groups. Findings suggest the potential for intervening upon modifiable risk factors to buffer against stress, and in turn, the development of psychotic-like experiences over time.
UNASSIGNED: We worked to ensure sex and gender balance in the recruitment of human participants. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented sexual and/or gender groups in science. We actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our author group. We worked to ensure race, ethnic, and/or other types of diversity in the recruitment of human participants. We worked to ensure that the study questionnaires were prepared in an inclusive way.
METHODS: Analyses included 11,876 young adolescents 9 to 10 years of age from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Mediation models assessed whether stress at 1-year follow-up indirectly linked baseline environmental risk to later distressing PLEs at 2-year follow-up. Serial mediation models examined whether environmental risk and stress indirectly accounted for variation among racial/ethnic groups in self-reported distressing PLEs.
RESULTS: Through principal component and mediation analyses, we found evidence that the link between environmental risk (eg, poverty and exposure to crime) and distressing PLEs was mediated by stress. There was also evidence that higher endorsement of distressing PLEs within the Black and Hispanic groups was serially mediated by greater environmental risk and greater stress.
CONCLUSIONS: The analyses provide evidence that the associations between marginalized racial and ethnic identities with the endorsement of PLEs partially reflects the sequelae of systemic socio-environmental factors. Findings suggest the potential for intervening upon environmental risk factors to target the reduction of cumulative stress over time, which may in turn buffer against the development of PLEs.
CONCLUSIONS: Using longitudinal data from 11,876 young adolescents aged 9-10 from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, this study examined environmental (e.g., poverty) and stress-related factors (e.g., experiences of discrimination, childhood adversity) that are associated with psychotic-like experiences, and whether these factors explain racial/ethnic differences in psychotic-like experiences. The authors found evidence that the association between these environmental risk factors and psychotic-like experiences is partially explained by cumulative stress, and that differences in psychotic-like experiences across racial/ethnic groups were accounted for by both environmental risk factors and stress. Results highlight that systemic factors may explain higher levels of psychotic-like experiences among historically marginalized racial/ethnic groups. Findings suggest the potential for intervening upon modifiable risk factors to buffer against stress, and in turn, the development of psychotic-like experiences over time.
UNASSIGNED: We worked to ensure sex and gender balance in the recruitment of human participants. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented sexual and/or gender groups in science. We actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our author group. We worked to ensure race, ethnic, and/or other types of diversity in the recruitment of human participants. We worked to ensure that the study questionnaires were prepared in an inclusive way.
摘要：
目标：先前的工作发现，在边缘化的种族和族裔群体中，类似精神病的经历（PLEs）得到了越来越多的认可。根据社会决定因素框架，边缘化群体暴露于社会环境风险因素的风险增加，包括系统性因素(例如，贫困和恶劣的住房条件)，和社会压力源(例如，歧视)。我们研究了环境风险因素和压力在多大程度上解释了种族/族裔群体与PLE之间的关联。
方法：分析包括11,876名9-10岁的青少年青少年大脑认知发育（ABCD）研究。中介模型评估了1年随访时的压力是否将基线环境风险与2年随访时的痛苦PLE间接相关。系列调解模型检查了环境风险和压力是否间接导致自我报告的痛苦的PLE中种族/族裔群体之间的差异。
结果：通过主成分和中介分析，我们发现了环境风险之间联系的证据(例如，贫困和犯罪暴露）和令人痛苦的精神病样经历是由压力介导的。也有证据表明，黑人和西班牙裔群体中对令人痛苦的精神病样经历的更高认可是由更大的环境风险和更大的压力连续介导的。
结论：分析提供的证据表明，边缘化种族和族裔认同与PLEs认可之间的关联部分反映了系统性社会环境因素的后遗症。研究结果表明，随着时间的推移，可能会干预环境风险因素，以减少累积压力。这反过来又可以缓冲PLE的发展。
方法：分析包括11,876名9-10岁的青少年青少年大脑认知发育（ABCD）研究。中介模型评估了1年随访时的压力是否将基线环境风险与2年随访时的痛苦PLE间接相关。系列调解模型检查了环境风险和压力是否间接导致自我报告的痛苦的PLE中种族/族裔群体之间的差异。
结果：通过主成分和中介分析，我们发现了环境风险之间联系的证据(例如，贫困和犯罪暴露）和令人痛苦的精神病样经历是由压力介导的。也有证据表明，黑人和西班牙裔群体中对令人痛苦的精神病样经历的更高认可是由更大的环境风险和更大的压力连续介导的。
结论：分析提供的证据表明，边缘化种族和族裔认同与PLEs认可之间的关联部分反映了系统性社会环境因素的后遗症。研究结果表明，随着时间的推移，可能会干预环境风险因素，以减少累积压力。这反过来又可以缓冲PLE的发展。
