BACKGROUND: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with the development of negative health behaviors and medical illnesses. ACE\'s association with poor health outcomes has been well documented in the general population; however, this relationship remains less clear in liver transplant (LT) recipients.
OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of ACE and the influence of ACE on LT outcomes.
METHODS: A retrospective electronic medical record review of all LT recipients over 11 years at an academic LT center. Demographic, diagnostic, and disease characteristics were extracted and compared for a history of ACE. Associations between a history of ACE and extracted variables were statistically tested using Student\'s t-test, chi-square tests, or Fisher\'s exact test, where appropriate. Graft and patient survival were tested using log-rank tests.
RESULTS: Of the 1172 LT recipients, 24.1% endorsed a history of ACE. Females (P = 0.017) and recipients with lower levels of education (P < 0.001) had a higher frequency of ACE. Those with a history of ACE had a higher prevalence of hepatitis C virus (P < 0.001) and higher pretransplant body mass index (P < 0.001). Recipients with a history of ACE had higher prevalence of mood (P < 0.001), anxiety (P < 0.001), post traumatic stress disorder (P < 0.001), alcohol use (P < 0.001), and cannabis use (P < 0.001) disorders, as well as higher Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (P < 0.001) and General Anxiety Disorder-7 (P < 0.001) scores pre- and post-transplant. Those with ACE had a higher incidence of recorded relapses to alcohol by 3 years post-transplant (P = 0.027). Mean lab values, graft survival, and patient survival were not significantly different between those with and without a history of ACE except for total bilirubin at 6 months (P = 0.021).
CONCLUSIONS: One-quarter of LT recipients have experienced ACE. ACE was associated with a history of psychiatric diagnoses, substance use disorders, elevated Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and General Anxiety Disorder-7 scores, and a higher prevalence of relapse to alcohol use after transplant. This population may benefit from increased/improved access to appropriate mental health and substance use services and support in the peri- and post-transplant period.

BACKGROUND: Adoption is frequently viewed as a way to complete the family because of the infertility that some families experience and the desire for kids and teenagers, especially orphans, to have a loving family.
OBJECTIVE: This work intends to identify and propose adaptation solutions to address the psychological problems faced by adoptive families. By doing so, it is hoped that the mental health and overall well-being of individuals and society as a whole will be enhanced.
METHODS: In the first stage of this study, the grounded theory approach based on Strauss and Corbin\'s methodology was used to interview representatives of adoptive families in Iran in 2022 and identify the problems they experience. In the second stage, the same approach and methodology were used to interview representatives of experts. In the second stage, the results of the first stage were presented to a sample of purposefully selected experts, who subsequently proposed solutions for the families to adapt to their problems. Data analysis was conducted using MAXQDA 2020 software (VERBI Software, Berlin, Germany). Ethical requirements were followed at every stage of the study.
RESULTS: Four problem categories were identified in the first step of the study: legal-psychological problems, problems related to the growth of the child in an environment of social harm, attitude and worldview, and the resilience of the adoptive couple. In the second step of the study, four groups of solutions for psychological adjustment were extracted: explaining the issue of what, how, and why of adoption (correct identification of the problems faced by adoptive families, clarification of concepts and demystification, the need for research to address other gaps in the knowledge infrastructure, and the importance of critical thinking education), operational solutions (supervising the adoption database to become more efficient, unitization of adoption national institutes in each province, selection of officials based on both factors of professional and complete mental health, alignment of the provisions and other related legal matters between the involved institutions, and utilization of media influence are recommended, interactional solutions for family resilience (cognitive-therapeutic interactions for mental health based on flexibility, raising the family\'s social capacity through active counseling, improving problem-solving skills, fostering family self-efficacy, creating purposefulness, and appropriate beliefs to predict a bright future), attitude-changing solutions (redefining social norms and facilitating the adoption of desired attitudes by employing social psychology principles, exploiting the power of media and influential figures, employing techniques derived from the psychology of learning, establishing conducive conditions within the framework of individuals\' cognitive dissonance to modify their attitudes, and employing persuasion strategies).
CONCLUSIONS: Legislators and law enforcers, adoptive families, psychologists and consultants working in this field, and physicians specializing in infertility treatment can benefit from the findings of this study.

BACKGROUND: The development of digital health tools that are clinically relevant requires a deep understanding of the unmet needs of stakeholders, such as clinicians and patients. One way to reveal unforeseen stakeholder needs is through qualitative research, including stakeholder interviews. However, conventional qualitative data analytical approaches are time-consuming and resource-intensive, rendering them untenable in many industry settings where digital tools are conceived of and developed. Thus, a more time-efficient process for identifying clinically relevant target needs for digital tool development is needed.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to address the need for an accessible, simple, and time-efficient alternative to conventional thematic analysis of qualitative research data through text analysis of semistructured interview transcripts. In addition, we sought to identify important themes across expert psychiatrist advisor interview transcripts to efficiently reveal areas for the development of digital tools that target unmet clinical needs.
METHODS: We conducted 10 (1-hour-long) semistructured interviews with US-based psychiatrists treating major depressive disorder. The interviews were conducted using an interview guide that comprised open-ended questions predesigned to (1) understand the clinicians\' experience of the care management process and (2) understand the clinicians\' perceptions of the patients\' experience of the care management process. We then implemented a hybrid analytical approach that combines computer-assisted text analyses with deductive analyses as an alternative to conventional qualitative thematic analysis to identify word combination frequencies, content categories, and broad themes characterizing unmet needs in the care management process.
RESULTS: Using this hybrid computer-assisted analytical approach, we were able to identify several key areas that are of interest to clinicians in the context of major depressive disorder and would be appropriate targets for digital tool development.
CONCLUSIONS: A hybrid approach to qualitative research combining computer-assisted techniques with deductive techniques provides a time-efficient approach to identifying unmet needs, targets, and relevant themes to inform digital tool development. This can increase the likelihood that useful and practical tools are built and implemented to ultimately improve health outcomes for patients.

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The interest in human phenotypes has leveraged interdisciplinary efforts encouraging a better understanding of the broad spectrum of psychological and behavioral disorders. Moreover, the usage of mobile and wearable devices along with unobtrusive computational capabilities provides an extensive amount of information that allows the characterization of phenotypes. This article describes the human phenotype through the lens of computational range and reviews state-of-the-art computational phenotyping. Furthermore, the article discusses computational phenotyping\'s extension concerning the combination of intelligent environments and personal mobile devices, addressing technical, managerial, and ethical challenges. This combination reinforces ubiquitous computational capabilities for phenotyping as a facilitator of interdisciplinary information convergence in favor of clinical and biomedical research.

The objective of this study was to identify characteristics associated with an increased risk of anxiety and mood disorder prior to 25 years of age, in children who sustained a traumatic brain injury (TBI) prior to age 10.
This population-based study identified 562 TBI cases from a 1976-1982 birth cohort in Olmsted County, Minnesota. TBI cases were manually confirmed and classified by injury severity. Separate Cox proportional hazards regression models were fit to estimate the association of TBI and secondary non-TBI related characteristics with the risk of a subsequent clinically determined anxiety or mood disorder. Multivariable-adjusted population attributable risk (PAR) estimates were calculated for TBI characteristics.
Older age at initial TBI and extracranial injury at time of initial TBI were significantly associated with an increased risk of anxiety (adjusted HR [95% CI]: 1.33 [1.16, 1.52] per 1-year increase and 2.41 [1.26, 4.59]), respectively. Older age at initial TBI was significantly associated with an increased risk of a mood disorder (adjusted HR 1.17 [1.08-1.27]).
In individuals sustaining a TBI prior to age 10, age at injury greater than 5 years old was the largest contributor to development of a mood or anxiety disorder.

Providing the visual complexity of an image in terms of impact or aesthetic preference can be of great applicability in areas such as psychology or marketing. To this end, certain areas such as Computer Vision have focused on identifying features and computational models that allow for satisfactory results. This paper studies the application of recent ML models using input images evaluated by humans and characterized by features related to visual complexity. According to the experiments carried out, it was confirmed that one of these methods, Correlation by Genetic Search (CGS), based on the search for minimum sets of features that maximize the correlation of the model with respect to the input data, predicted human ratings of image visual complexity better than any other model referenced to date in terms of correlation, RMSE or minimum number of features required by the model. In addition, the variability of these terms were studied eliminating images considered as outliers in previous studies, observing the robustness of the method when selecting the most important variables to make the prediction.

In recent years, evolutionary life history theory has been used as a heuristic framework to understand mental health. This article reviews the life history theory and its integration with mental disorders and then introduces representative research methods and related empirical studies in the field of evolutionary psychopathology. In the end, this article concludes with future directions for further research examining and developing the evolutionary psychopathological framework.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01399.].

This article seeks to clarify the way in which phenomenology is conceptualized and applied in empirical research in psychiatry and psychology, emphasizing the suitability of qualitative research. It will address the \"What,\" \"Why,\" and \"How\" of phenomenological interviews, providing not only preliminary answers but also a critical analysis and pointing to future directions for research. The questions it asks are: First, what makes an interview phenomenological? What are phenomenological interviews used for in empirical research in psychiatry and psychology? Second, why do we carry out phenomenological interviews with patients? Is merely contrasting phenomenological hypotheses or concepts enough to do justice to the patients\' involvement? Third, how should we conduct phenomenological interviews with patients? How can we properly perform analysis in empirical phenomenological research in psychiatry and psychology? In its conclusion, the article attempts to go a step beyond these methodological questions, highlighting the \"bigger picture\": namely, the phenomenological scientific paradigm and its core philosophical claim of reality as mind-dependent.