呼吸道病毒感染(VRTIs)是全球发病率和死亡率的主要原因之一。每年影响所有年龄组的数百万人。这些感染是由各种病原体引起的,包括鼻病毒(RV),腺病毒(AdVs),和冠状病毒(CoV),在寒冷的季节特别普遍。虽然许多VRTI是自限的,它们的频繁复发和严重健康并发症的可能性凸显了对有效治疗策略的迫切需要.病毒蛋白酶对于病毒的成熟和复制至关重要,使它们成为有希望的治疗目标。这篇综述探讨了病毒蛋白酶在呼吸道病毒生命周期中的关键作用,以及蛋白酶抑制剂作为对这些感染的战略反应的开发。抗病毒治疗的最新进展突出了蛋白酶抑制剂在减少病毒性疾病的传播和严重程度方面的有效性。特别是在正在进行的COVID-19大流行期间。它还评估了目前旨在鉴定和开发针对主要呼吸道病毒关键蛋白酶的抑制剂的努力。包括人类房车,AdVs,和(严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒-2)SARS-CoV-2。尽管最近发现了SARS-CoV-2,但在过去的五年中,科学界已经投入了相当多的时间和资源来研究现有的药物和开发针对病毒主要蛋白酶的新抑制剂。然而,鉴定RV和AdV蛋白酶抑制剂的研究工作有限。因此,在这里,建议利用这些知识来开发影响呼吸道的其他病毒的蛋白酶的新抑制剂或开发双重抑制剂。最后,通过详述这些抑制剂的作用机制和治疗潜力,这篇综述旨在证明它们在改变呼吸道病毒性疾病管理方面的重要作用,并为未来的研究方向提供见解。
Respiratory viral infections (VRTIs) rank among the leading causes of global morbidity and mortality, affecting millions of individuals each year across all age groups. These infections are caused by various pathogens, including rhinoviruses (RVs), adenoviruses (AdVs), and coronaviruses (CoVs), which are particularly prevalent during colder seasons. Although many VRTIs are self-limiting, their frequent recurrence and potential for severe health complications highlight the critical need for effective therapeutic strategies. Viral
proteases are crucial for the maturation and replication of viruses, making them promising therapeutic targets. This review explores the pivotal role of viral
proteases in the lifecycle of respiratory viruses and the development of protease inhibitors as a strategic response to these infections. Recent advances in antiviral therapy have highlighted the effectiveness of protease inhibitors in curtailing the spread and severity of viral diseases, especially during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. It also assesses the current efforts aimed at identifying and developing inhibitors targeting key
proteases from major respiratory viruses, including human RVs, AdVs, and (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2) SARS-CoV-2. Despite the recent identification of SARS-CoV-2, within the last five years, the scientific community has devoted considerable time and resources to investigate existing drugs and develop new inhibitors targeting the virus\'s main protease. However, research efforts in identifying inhibitors of the
proteases of RVs and AdVs are limited. Therefore, herein, it is proposed to utilize this knowledge to develop new inhibitors for the
proteases of other viruses affecting the respiratory tract or to develop dual inhibitors. Finally, by detailing the mechanisms of action and therapeutic potentials of these inhibitors, this review aims to demonstrate their significant role in transforming the management of respiratory viral diseases and to offer insights into future research directions.