有效控制罕见疾病需要基于保护和预防原则的健康计划。承运人筛查计划通过识别风险群体作为预防措施。这篇综述审查了影响,实施,优势,和载体筛选的缺点,结合来自十个国家的例子:美国,加拿大,联合王国,以色列,中国,澳大利亚,意大利,德国,荷兰,和土耳其。有关运营商筛选和相关政策的数据于2022年7月至11月收集,并使用作者设计的编码系统以表格形式呈现。在筛查的疾病/病症和人群中观察到变异性,筛选费用,以及各国政府的拨款。检查的疾病/紊乱的数量,范围从3到47,由委员会指南确定,政府资源,试点研究,和国家研究所资源。值得注意的是,与新生儿筛查计划相比,携带者筛查计划在全球范围内表现出更大的不一致性.发达国家的比较分析有助于指导新兴国家。为了解决地方和全球层面的不平等,有必要加强建设,发展,和实施载体筛选计划。此外,应进行筛查成本分析,应向各国分配足够的资金。总之,本综述强调了罕见疾病携带者筛查的预防潜力,并强调了改善全球携带者筛查计划以实现公平医疗结果的重要性.
Effective control of rare diseases requires health programs based on principles of protection and prevention. Carrier screening programs serve as preventive measures by identifying at-risk groups. This review examines the impact, implementation, advantages, and disadvantages of carrier screening, incorporating examples from ten countries: the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Israel, China, Australia, Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, and Turkey. Data on carrier screening and related policies were collected from July to November 2022 and presented in a tabular format using a coding system devised by the authors. Variability was observed in the diseases/disorders and populations screened, screening expenses, and government provision across the countries. The number of diseases/disorders examined, ranging from 3 to 47, was determined by committee guidelines, government resources, pilot studies, and national institute resources. Notably, carrier screening programs exhibited greater worldwide inconsistency compared to newborn screening programs. The comparative analysis of developed countries serves to guide emerging nations. To address inequalities at both local and global levels, there is a need to enhance the establishment, development, and implementation of carrier screening programs. Furthermore, cost analyses of screening should be conducted, and adequate funding should be allocated to countries. In conclusion, this review highlights the preventive potential of carrier screening for rare diseases and emphasizes the importance of improving carrier screening programs globally to achieve equitable healthcare outcomes.