多糖，作为生物体中常见的代谢产物，在生物体的生长发育中起着至关重要的作用。对于人类来说,多糖代表一类具有不同应用的化合物，尤其是在医疗领域。因此,探索多糖的单糖组成和结构特征对于理解其生物学功能具有重要意义。本文综述了多糖的提取方法和水解策略。系统分析了确定多糖组成的策略和技术，并讨论了进一步多糖研究中使用的常见衍生试剂。衍生被认为是确定单糖的基本策略，因为它不仅增强了分析物的可检测性，而且提高了检测灵敏度，特别是在液相色谱（LC）中，毛细管电泳(CE),和气相色谱(GC)技术。本文阐述了柱前和柱后衍生的关键比较，旨在为根据结构特点选择合适的模式提供参考，多糖的生物活性，和反应系统。
Polysaccharides, as common metabolic products in organisms, play a crucial role in the growth and development of living organisms. For humans, polysaccharides represent a class of compounds with diverse applications, particularly in the medical field. Therefore, the exploration of the monosaccharide composition and structural characteristics of polysaccharides holds significant importance in understanding their biological functions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of extraction methods and hydrolysis strategies for polysaccharides. It systematically analyzes strategies and technologies for determining polysaccharide composition and discusses common derivatization reagents employed in further polysaccharide studies. Derivatization is considered a fundamental strategy for determining monosaccharides, as it not only enhances the detectability of analytes but also increases detection sensitivity, especially in liquid chromatography (LC), capillary electrophoresis (CE), and gas chromatography (GC) techniques. The review meticulously examines pre-column and post-column derivatization techniques for monosaccharide analysis, categorizing them based on diverse detection methodologies. It delves into the principles and distinctive features of various derivatization reagents, offering a comparative analysis of their strengths and limitations. Ultimately, the aim is to provide guidance for selecting the most suitable derivatization approach, taking into account the structural nuances, biological functions, and reaction dynamics of polysaccharides.
