利用农业和工业废物，强大的营养库，通过堆肥滋养土壤和作物体现了废物管理和有机农业的可持续方法。为了调查这一点，在ICAR-IARI进行了为期2年的现场实验，新德里,专注于木豆-蔬菜芥末-秋葵种植系统。测试了七种营养来源，包括控件(T1)，100％推荐剂量的氮（RDN）通过农家肥（T2），100%RDN通过改良米渣堆肥(T3),100％RDN通过稻壳灰（PHA）为基础的配方（T4），75%RDN通过基于PHA的配方（T5），100％RDN通过马铃薯皮堆肥（PPC）为基础的配方（T6），和75%RDN通过基于PPC的制剂(T7)。采用随机区组设计，重复三次，结果表明，处理T4表现出木豆的最高种子产量（1.89±0.09和1.97±0.12tha-1）和秸秆产量（7.83±0.41和8.03±0.58tha-1），蔬菜芥菜的叶片产量（81.57±4.69和82.97±4.17tha-1），与对照（T1）相比，在两个研究年中，秋葵的果实（13.54±0.82和13.78±0.81tha-1）和stover（21.64±1.31和22.03±1.30tha-1）产量。处理T4与T2和T6的木豆种子和秸秆产量相当，还有秋葵,和蔬菜芥末的叶片产量。此外，T4在土壤中的NH4-N和NO3-N水平显着增加了124.1％和158.2％，分别,在控制上。土壤中有效氮(N)和有效磷(P)的增强状态,加上土壤有机碳增加(0.41%)，细菌总数(21.1%)，真菌（37.2%），放线菌（44.6%），和微生物生物量碳(28.5%)，进一步强调了T4与对照组相比的积极影响.治疗T2和T6表现出与T4相当的结果，关于有效氮的变化，P,土壤有机碳，细菌总数，真菌,放线菌,和微生物生物质碳。总之,处理T4和T6成为有机肥料的可行来源，特别是在面临农家肥短缺的地区。这些配方提供了实质性的优势，包括提高产量，改善土壤质量，和高效肥料利用，从而为可持续农业实践做出重大贡献。
Utilizing agricultural and industrial wastes, potent reservoirs of nutrients, for nourishing the soil and crops through composting embodies a sustainable approach to waste management and organic agriculture. To investigate this, a 2-year field experiment was conducted at ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, focusing on a pigeon pea-vegetable mustard-okra cropping system. Seven nutrient sources were tested, including a control (T1), 100% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through farmyard manure (T2), 100% RDN through improved rice residue compost (T3), 100% RDN through a paddy husk ash (PHA)-based formulation (T4), 75% RDN through PHA-based formulation (T5), 100% RDN through a potato peel compost (PPC)-based formulation (T6), and 75% RDN through PPC-based formulation (T7). Employing a randomized block design with three replications, the results revealed that treatment T4 exhibited the significantly highest seed (1.89 ± 0.09 and 1.97 ± 0.12 t ha-1) and stover (7.83 ± 0.41 and 8.03 ± 0.58 t ha-1) yield of pigeon pea, leaf yield (81.57 ± 4.69 and 82.97 ± 4.17 t ha-1) of vegetable mustard, and fruit (13.54 ± 0.82 and 13.78 ± 0.81 t ha-1) and stover (21.64 ± 1.31 and 22.03 ± 1.30 t ha-1) yield of okra during both study years compared to the control (T1). Treatment T4 was on par with T2 and T6 for seed and stover yield in pigeon pea, as well as okra, and leaf yield in vegetable mustard over both years. Moreover, T4 demonstrated notable increase of 124.1% and 158.2% in NH4-N and NO3-N levels in the soil, respectively, over the control. The enhanced status of available nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in the soil, coupled with increased soil organic carbon (0.41%), total bacteria population (21.1%), fungi (37.2%), actinomycetes (44.6%), and microbial biomass carbon (28.5%), further emphasized the positive impact of T4 compared to the control. Treatments T2 and T6 exhibited comparable outcomes to T4 concerning changes in available N, P, soil organic carbon, total bacteria population, fungi, actinomycetes, and microbial biomass carbon. In conclusion, treatments T4 and T6 emerge as viable sources of organic fertilizer, particularly in regions confronting farmyard manure shortages. These formulations offer substantial advantages, including enhanced yield, soil quality improvement, and efficient fertilizer utilization, thus contributing significantly to sustainable agricultural practices.
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