■吸烟已被认为是乳腺癌(BC)的危险因素,如果生物学机制仍然知之甚少。高乳房X线摄影乳腺密度(MBD)与BC风险和许多BC风险因素有关,比如遗传,人体测量学,生殖和生活方式因素和年龄,也能够调节MBD。本研究的目的是前瞻性地探索,在绝经后的妇女,吸烟习惯与MBD之间的联系,使用自动化软件进行评估,考虑吸烟的持续时间和强度。
■该分析是在1993-98年参加欧洲癌症与营养前瞻性调查(EPIC)佛罗伦萨队列的3,774名妇女中进行的,这些妇女参加了2004-06年的随访(FU),并在FU之后进行了至少一次全视野数字乳房X线摄影(FFDM)。对于每个女人来说,关于吸烟习惯的详细信息,人体测量学,纳入时和FU收集了生活方式和生殖史.整合基线和FU时的吸烟信息。全自动Volpara™软件用于获得总乳房体积(cm3),绝对乳腺致密体积(DV,cm3)和体积百分比密度(VPD,%)来自第一个可用的FFDM(FU平均5.3年)。多变量线性回归模型用于评估吸烟习惯与VPD或DV之间的关联。
■出现了吸烟暴露与VPD之间的负相关(差异%-7.96%,当前吸烟者的p<0.0001,为-3.92%,以前吸烟者的p0.01,与非吸烟者相比)。剂量反应与香烟数量/天的反向关系,在前吸烟者中出现了吸烟持续时间和终身吸烟暴露时间(包年)以及与戒烟时间的直接关联.类似的协会,效果减弱,当DV被认为是结果变量时出现。
■这项纵向研究证实了主动吸烟,一个已知的BC危险因素,绝经后妇女的MBD。将吸烟习惯纳入现有的BC风险预测模型可以在未来的研究中进行评估。
UNASSIGNED: Cigarette smoking has been recognized as a risk factor for breast cancer (BC) also if the biological mechanism remains poorly understood. High mammographic breast density (MBD) is associated with BC risk and many BC risk factors, such as genetic, anthropometric, reproductive and lifestyle factors and age, are also able to modulate MBD. The aim of the present study was to prospectively explore, in post-menopausal women, the association between smoking habits and MBD, assessed using an automated software, considering duration and intensity of smoking.
UNASSIGNED: The analysis was carried out in 3,774 women enrolled in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Florence cohort in 1993-98, participating in the 2004-06 follow up (FU) and with at least one full-field digital mammography (FFDM) performed after FU. For each woman, detailed information on smoking habits, anthropometry, lifestyle and reproductive history was collected at enrollment and at FU. Smoking information at baseline and at FU was integrated. The fully automated Volpara™ software was used to obtain total breast volume (cm3), absolute breast dense volume (DV, cm3) and volumetric percent density (VPD, %) from the first available FFDM (average 5.3 years from FU). Multivariable linear regression models were applied to evaluate the associations between smoking habits and VPD or DV.
UNASSIGNED: An inverse association between smoking exposure and VPD emerged (Diff% -7.96%, p <0.0001 for current smokers and -3.92%, p 0.01 for former smokers, compared with non-smokers). An inverse dose-response relationship with number of cigarettes/day, years of smoking duration and lifetime smoking exposure (pack-years) and a direct association with time since smoking cessation among former smokers emerged. Similar associations, with an attenuated effect, emerged when DV was considered as the outcome variable.
UNASSIGNED: This longitudinal study confirms the inverse association between active smoking, a known risk factor for BC, and MBD among post-menopausal women. The inclusion of smoking habits in the existing BC risk prediction models could be evaluated in future studies.