■植物叶片形态的研究对于理解植物器官形态的发育和进化具有重要意义。作为一个废弃的植物,G.biloba叶形态通常表现出二叶状和骨盆状形式。然而,在它漫长的进化历史中,银杏叶经历了不同的变化。
■本研究集中于银杏叶的独特的“小号”叶和正常的扇形叶,以分析其表型,光合活性,解剖学观察,以及转录组学和代谢组学分析。
■结果表明,喇叭形银杏叶的细胞较少,背侧和背轴表皮细胞之间的显着形态差异,导致净光合速率明显降低。此外,这项研究发现,内源性植物激素如GA,生长素,和JA以及黄酮类化合物和酚酸等代谢产物在喇叭形银杏叶的形成中起作用。此外,实验揭示了银杏叶喇叭形叶片中各种关键生物过程和基因表达的调控机制。
■银杏叶背侧和腹部细胞的差异会导致叶片卷曲,从而降低了叶片的整体光合效率。然而,植物叶片的形态是在原基叶阶段确定的。在叶片发育的早期阶段,茎尖分生组织(SAM)决定了双子叶植物叶片的发育形态。该过程涉及多个基因家族和小RNA的活性。叶片形态的建立受到各种内源激素的复杂调控,包括生长素对细胞壁的影响。此外,细胞内离子浓度的变化,例如Ca2+浓度的波动,也会影响细胞壁的刚度,从而影响叶片生长形态。
UNASSIGNED: The research on plant leaf morphology is of great significance for understanding the development and evolution of plant organ morphology. As a relict plant, the G. biloba leaf morphology typically exhibits bifoliate and peltate forms. However, throughout its long evolutionary history, Ginkgo leaves have undergone diverse changes.
UNASSIGNED: This study focuses on the distinct \"trumpet\" leaves and normal fan-shaped leaves of G. biloba for analysis of their phenotypes, photosynthetic activity, anatomical observations, as well as transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses.
UNASSIGNED: The results showed that trumpet-shaped G. biloba leaves have fewer cells, significant morphological differences between dorsal and abaxial epidermal cells, leading to a significantly lower net photosynthetic rate. Additionally, this study found that endogenous plant hormones such as GA, auxin, and JA as well as metabolites such as flavonoids and phenolic acids play roles in the formation of trumpet-shaped G. biloba leaves. Moreover, the experiments revealed the regulatory mechanisms of various key biological processes and gene expressions in the trumpet-shaped leaves of G. biloba.
UNASSIGNED: Differences in the dorsal and abdominal cells of G. biloba leaves can cause the leaf to curl, thus reducing the overall photosynthetic efficiency of the leaves. However, the morphology of plant leaves is determined during the primordia leaf stage. In the early stages of leaf development, the shoot apical meristem (SAM) determines the developmental morphology of dicotyledonous plant leaves. This process involves the activity of multiple gene families and small RNAs. The establishment of leaf morphology is complexly regulated by various endogenous hormones, including the effect of auxin on cell walls. Additionally, changes in intracellular ion concentrations, such as fluctuations in Ca2+ concentration, also affect cell wall rigidity, thereby influencing leaf growth morphology.