在水稻种植中通常采用豆类作物轮作以提高土壤生产力。然而,关于豆科植物轮作下微生物在影响土壤生产力中的作用知之甚少。为了阐明这一点,建立了长期水稻种植试验,研究了作物产量之间的关系,土壤化学性质,和关键的微生物类群在大米和紫云英双重轮作下。与不施肥处理相比,紫云英轮作显著改善了土壤化学性质,土壤磷素是影响作物产量的主要因子。长期豆科植物轮作增加了土壤细菌α多样性,改变了土壤细菌群落。做完vetch旋转后,拟杆菌的相对丰度,脱硫杆菌,Firmicutes,和变形杆菌增加,而酸性细菌,氯氟菌,而植物群减少了。此外,vetch旋转增加了磷相关基因K01083(bpp)的相对丰度,与土壤磷含量和作物产量显著相关。网络分析显示,维那米杆菌类群与总磷和速效磷呈正相关,这是一个潜在的分类单元,有助于土壤磷储量的可用性。我们的结果表明,vetch旋转可以丰富具有潜在溶解磷酸盐能力的关键类群,增加土壤有效磷的含量,最终提高作物产量。这可以为更好的作物生产提供科学指导。
Legume crop rotation is often adopted in rice cultivation to improve soil productivity. However, little is known about the role of microbes under legume rotation in affecting soil productivity. To elucidate this, a long-term paddy cropping experiment was set up to study the relationship between crop yield, soil chemical properties, and key microbial taxa under a double-rice and milk vetch rotation. Milk vetch rotation significantly improved soil chemical properties compared to no fertilization treatment, and soil phosphorus was a major factor correlated with crop yield. Long-term legume rotation increased soil bacterial alpha diversity and changed soil bacterial community. After milk vetch rotation, the relative abundances of Bacteroidota, Desulfobacterota, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria increased while those of Acidobacteriota, Chloroflexi, and Planctomycetota decreased. Moreover, milk vetch rotation increased the relative abundance of phosphorus-related gene K01083 (bpp), which was significantly correlated with soil phosphorus content and crop yield. Network analysis showed that taxa of Vicinamibacterales were positively correlated with total phosphorus and available phosphorus, which was a potential taxon contributing to the availability of soil phosphorus stock. Our results indicated that milk vetch rotation could enrich key taxa with latent phosphate-solubilizing ability, increase the content of soil available phosphorus, and finally enhance crop yield. This could provide scientific guidance for better crop production.