冠心病,也被称为缺血性心脏病,是由动脉粥样硬化引起的,这是由脂蛋白的内皮下滞留启动的。血浆脂蛋白,包括高密度脂蛋白,低密度脂蛋白(LDL),极低密度脂蛋白,还有乳糜微粒,由含有磷脂和胆固醇的表面单层和含有甘油三酯和胆固醇酯的疏水核组成。磷脂在载脂蛋白和酶与脂蛋白表面的结合中起着至关重要的作用。从而调节脂蛋白代谢。高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇是众所周知的冠心病的危险因素,和他汀类药物通过降低LDL-胆固醇水平降低冠心病的风险。相比之下,血浆脂蛋白中磷脂与冠心病的关系尚未确定。为了进一步阐明磷脂的生理和病理作用,我们已经开发了简单的高通量测定法来定量所有主要的磷脂类别,即磷脂酰胆碱,磷脂酰乙醇胺,磷脂酰丝氨酸,磷脂酸,磷脂酰肌醇,磷脂酰甘油+心磷脂,和鞘磷脂,使用特定酶和荧光探针的组合。这些酶促荧光测定将有助于阐明血浆脂蛋白中磷脂类别与冠心病之间的关联,并有助于鉴定磷脂生物标志物。本文综述了冠心病磷脂生物标志物鉴定的最新进展。
Coronary heart disease, also known as ischemic heart disease, is induced by atherosclerosis, which is initiated by subendothelial retention of lipoproteins. Plasma lipoproteins, including high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein, and chylomicron, are composed of a surface monolayer containing phospholipids and cholesterol and a hydrophobic core containing triglycerides and cholesteryl esters. Phospholipids play a crucial role in the binding of apolipoproteins and enzymes to lipoprotein surfaces, thereby regulating lipoprotein metabolism. High LDL-cholesterol is a well-known risk factor for coronary heart disease, and statins reduce the risk of coronary heart disease by lowering LDL-cholesterol levels. In contrast, the relationships of phospholipids in plasma lipoproteins with coronary heart disease have not yet been established. To further clarify the physiological and pathological roles of phospholipids, we have developed the simple high-throughput assays for quantifying all major phospholipid classes, namely phosphatidylcholine,
phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol + cardiolipin, and sphingomyelin, using combinations of specific enzymes and a fluorogenic probe. These enzymatic fluorometric assays will be helpful in elucidating the associations between phospholipid classes in plasma lipoproteins and coronary heart disease and in identifying phospholipid biomarkers. This review describes recent progress in the identification of phospholipid biomarkers of coronary heart disease.