城市空气污染是一个至关重要的全球性挑战,主要源于城市化和工业活动,不断增加。植被作为空气污染的天然空气过滤器,但是对植物健康的不利影响,光合作用,和新陈代谢可以发生。最近的组学技术彻底改变了分子植物对空气污染反应的研究,克服以前的限制。这篇综述综合了分子植物对主要空气污染物反应的最新进展,强调臭氧(O3),氮氧化物(NOX),和颗粒物(PM)研究。这些污染物诱导其他非生物和生物胁迫常见的应激反应,包括活性氧(ROSs)清除酶和激素信号通路的激活。新的证据表明抗氧化剂酚类化合物生物合成的核心作用,通过苯丙素途径,在空气污染应激反应中。转录因子如WRKY,AP2/ERF,还有MYB,将激素信号与抗氧化剂生物合成联系起来,也受到了影响。迄今为止,研究主要集中在分析单个污染物的实验室研究。这篇综述强调了全面的野外研究和分子耐受性性状鉴定的必要性,这对鉴定耐性植物物种至关重要,旨在开发可持续的基于自然的解决方案(NBS),以减轻城市空气污染。
Urban air pollution is a crucial global challenge, mainly originating from urbanization and industrial activities, which are continuously increasing. Vegetation serves as a natural air filter for air pollution, but adverse effects on plant health, photosynthesis, and metabolism can occur. Recent omics technologies have revolutionized the study of molecular plant responses to air pollution, overcoming previous limitations. This review synthesizes the latest advancements in molecular plant responses to major air pollutants, emphasizing ozone (O3), nitrogen oxides (NOX), and particulate matter (PM) research. These pollutants induce stress responses common to other abiotic and biotic stresses, including the activation of reactive oxygen species (ROSs)-scavenging enzymes and hormone signaling pathways. New evidence has shown the central role of antioxidant phenolic compound biosynthesis, via the phenylpropanoid pathway, in air pollution stress responses. Transcription factors like WRKY, AP2/ERF, and MYB, which connect hormone signaling to antioxidant biosynthesis, were also affected. To date, research has predominantly focused on laboratory studies analyzing individual pollutants. This review highlights the need for comprehensive field studies and the identification of molecular tolerance traits, which are crucial for the identification of tolerant plant species, aimed at the development of sustainable nature-based solutions (NBSs) to mitigate urban air pollution.