肥胖是一种最近定义的疾病,其诊断和治疗继续受到污名化。目前,由于技术进步带来的生活方式的改变以及高热量食品的广泛供应和可负担性,全世界有数百万人患有肥胖症和/或其后遗症。因此,找到适当的预防和治疗方案将导致受影响个体的持续时间和生活质量的大幅改善。在这次审查中,我们在PubMed数据库中搜索了探索FDA目前批准用于治疗肥胖症的5种药物的安全性和有效性的研究.我们只纳入了2012年至2022年间发表的关于成年患者的研究。我们发现了所有分析的药物如奥利司他的证据,苯丁胺/托吡酯,纳曲酮/安非他酮,利拉鲁肽,塞马鲁肽似乎能有效诱导体重减轻,建议司马鲁肽可能具有更好的疗效。然而,制定治疗指南的一个巨大障碍仍然是缺乏监测肥胖药物长期安全性和有效性的长期研究.然而,在有肥胖并发症风险的患者中,减少脂肪量的益处可能超过与这些药物相关的潜在副作用,临床医生应开出他们认为最适合患者具体情况的FDA批准的药物疗法.
Obesity is a recently defined illness whose diagnosis and treatment continue to be stigmatized. Currently, due to lifestyle changes brought on by technological advancements and the wide availability and affordability of high-calorie foods, millions of people around the world suffer from obesity and/or its sequelae. Finding adequate prevention and treatment options would therefore lead to massive improvements in the duration and quality of life of affected individuals. In this review, we searched the PubMed database for studies exploring the safety and efficacy of the five medications currently approved by the FDA for the treatment of obesity. We included only studies pertaining to adult patients that have been published between 2012 and 2022. We found evidence that all the drugs analyzed such as orlistat, phentermine/topiramate, naltrexone/bupropion, liraglutide, and semaglutide appear to be effective in inducing weight loss, with the suggestion that semaglutide may have superior efficacy. However, a massive obstacle in developing treatment guidelines remains the lack of prolonged studies monitoring the long-term safety and efficacy of obesity medications. Nevertheless, in patients at risk of complications from obesity, the benefits of losing fat mass may outweigh the potential side effects associated with these medications and clinicians should prescribe whichever of the FDA-approved pharmacotherapy they deem most appropriate for the patient\'s specific set of circumstances.