phenol

苯酚
  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    由于水的持续干扰,对水下被粘物的即时和强粘附是一个很大的挑战。贻贝足蛋白生物启发的儿茶酚基粘合剂在解决这个问题上已经引起了极大的兴趣。在这里,一种新型的具有长脂肪链的自制儿茶酚化合物被用于通过UV引发的聚合制备薄(~0.07mm)和光学透明(>80%)的湿/水下胶带。它的粘附活性是水触发的,快速(<1分钟),和强(对猪皮肤的粘附强度:〜1.99MPa;界面韧性:〜610J/m2,爆破压力:〜1950mmHg)。研究了儿茶酚/苯酚基团和带正电的部分对对非生物/生物底物的湿/水下粘附的影响。在湿/水下粘附体上,具有邻苯二酚基团的胶带具有更高的界面韧性,粘合强度,和破裂压力比类似带苯酚基团的胶带。具有儿茶酚基团和阳离子聚电解质壳聚糖的胶带对湿/水下生物组织的粘附性比对非生物基材的粘附性有更令人印象深刻的改善。因此,邻苯二酚和胶带中的阳性部分将协同增强其对各种基材的湿/水下粘附力,尤其是生物组织。瞬间,坚强,和非细胞毒性胶带可以在水下粘附中提供密封和伤口闭合的应用。
    Instant and strong adhesion to underwater adherends is a big challenge due to the continuous interference of water. Mussel foot protein-bioinspired catechol-based adhesives have garnered great interest in addressing this issue. Herein, a novel self-made catecholic compound with a long aliphatic chain was utilized to prepare thin (∼0.07 mm) and optically transparent (>80%) wet/underwater adhesive tapes by UV-initiated polymerization. Its adhesion activity was water-triggered, fast (<1 min), and strong (adhesion strength to porcine skin: ∼1.99 MPa; interfacial toughness: ∼610 J/m2, burst pressure: ∼1950 mmHg). The effect of the catechol/phenol group and positively charged moiety on the wet/underwater adhesion to abiotic/biotic substrates was investigated. On the wet/underwater adherends, the tape with catechol groups presented much higher interfacial toughness, adhesion strength, and burst pressure than the analogous tape with phenol groups. The tape with both the catechol group and cationic polyelectrolyte chitosan had a more impressive improvement in its adhesion to wet/underwater biological tissues than to abiotic substrates. Therefore, catechol and a positive moiety in the tape would synergistically enhance its wet/underwater adhesion to various substrates, especially to biological tissues. The instant, strong, and noncytotoxic tape may provide applications in underwater adhesion for sealing and wound closure.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    二酮吡咯并吡咯(DPP)是具有有价值的光电性质的多功能染料和颜料。在这项工作中,我们报告了通过与硫醇和酚的直接亲核芳香取代反应合成高度荧光的DPP衍生物。这些亲核取代在室温下发生并且对五氟苯基的4-位表现出显著的选择性。对称(二取代)和非对称(单取代)DPP衍生物都以优异的总产率形成。还讨论了新合成化合物的光学性质。新平台可用于生物正交化学。
    Diketopyrrolopyrroles (DPPs) are a versatile group of dyes and pigments with valuable optoelectronic properties. In this work we report the synthesis of highly fluorescent DPP derivatives through straightforward nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions with thiols and phenols. These nucleophilic substitutions occur at room temperature and manifest a remarkable selectivity for the 4-position of the pentafluorophenyl groups. Both symmetrical (disubstitution) and non-symmetrical (monosubstitution) DPP derivatives are formed in excellent overall yields. The optical properties of the newly synthesized compounds are also discussed. The new platform may be useful for bioorthogonal chemistry.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    这项研究提出了一种创新的双壁硼硅酸盐玻璃反应器系统,用于有效处理液态和气态废水。该反应器系统允许精确的温度控制,连续pH监测,和控制试剂的剂量以优化反应条件。通过X射线衍射(XRD)进行了详细的表征,傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR),BET(比表面积)分析,零电荷点(PZC),和SCR的扫描电子显微镜(SEM),SCRT,和5%Fe@SCRT材料。对于孔雀石绿吸附,使用Langmuir等温模型,SRCT显示的最大吸附容量为39.78±0.5mg/g,并遵循伪二级动力学。发现吸附的最佳条件是:初始浓度为50ppm,吸附剂用量为1克/升,pH值为8.5,温度为50°C。对于苯酚的催化氧化,5%Fe@SRCT在最佳条件下(50ppm苯酚,1g/l催化剂用量,pH3.5,H2O2浓度8.7mM,和温度70°C)。反应过程中鉴定的中间体包括氢醌,苯醌,儿茶酚,和间苯二酚,降解发生在60分钟的反应期间。5%Fe@SCRT材料在催化氧化去除苯酚方面表现出优异的可重用性,在三个周期内没有明显的效率损失,同时,SRCT经历了三个再生循环,以吸附孔雀石绿。清除剂测试证实了羟基自由基参与催化氧化过程。此外,5%Fe@SRCT催化氧化苯酚后的鱼存活试验表明,对鱼没有影响,强调这一过程的环境安全。此外,通过SRCT对MG进行脱色后的发芽试验显示出良好的效果,没有负面影响,加强这项创新技术的生态价值。这些结果突出了SCRT和5%Fe@SCRT作为环境修复的多功能材料的创新用途。在拟议的双壁硼硅酸盐玻璃反应器系统中利用其有效的吸附能力和有效的催化氧化性能。实践要点:该研究证明了采用SRCT吸附剂和Fe@SRCT催化剂的创新反应器系统有效去除废水中的孔雀石绿和苯酚。环境影响评估,包括种子萌发和鱼类生存评估,验证该方法的生态友好潜力。实施这种方法可以大大有助于可持续的水处理实践。
    This study presents an innovative double-walled borosilicate glass reactor system for the efficient treatment of liquid and gaseous wastewater. This reactor system allows precise temperature control, continuous pH monitoring, and controlled dosing of reagents to optimize reaction conditions. Detailed characterization was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), BET (specific surface area) analysis, point of zero charge (PZC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for the SCR, SCRT, and 5%Fe@SCRT materials. For Malachite Green adsorption, SRCT demonstrated a maximum adsorption capacity of 39.78 ± 0.5 mg/g using the Langmuir isotherm model and followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. Optimum conditions for adsorption were found to be: an initial concentration of 50 ppm, an adsorbent dosage of 1 g/l, a pH of 8.5, and a temperature of 50°C. For the catalytic oxidation of phenol, 5%Fe@SRCT achieved a remarkable removal rate of 99.9 ± 0.1% under optimum conditions (50 ppm phenol, 1 g/l catalyst dosage, pH 3.5, H2O2 concentration 8.7 mM, and temperature 70°C). Intermediates identified during the reaction included hydroquinone, benzoquinone, catechol, and resorcinol, with degradation occurring over a 60-minute reaction period. The 5%Fe@SCRT material showed excellent reusability in the removal of phenol by catalytic oxidation, with no significant loss of efficiency over three cycles, while the SRCT underwent three cycles of regeneration for the adsorption of Malachite Green. Scavenger tests confirmed the involvement of hydroxyl radicals in the catalytic oxidation process. In addition, fish survival tests after catalytic oxidation of phenol by 5%Fe@SRCT showed no impact on fish, underlining the environmental safety of this process. In addition, germination tests after decolorization of MG by SRCT demonstrated a good effect with no negative impact, reinforcing the ecological value of this innovative technology. These results highlight the innovative use of SCRT and 5%Fe@SCRT as versatile materials for environmental remediation, exploiting their effective adsorption capacities and efficient catalytic oxidation performance within the proposed double-walled borosilicate glass reactor system. PRACTITIONER POINTS: The study demonstrates the effectiveness of an innovative reactor system employing SRCT adsorbent and Fe@SRCT catalyst for efficient removal of malachite green and phenol from wastewater. Environmental impact assessment, including seed germination and fish survival evaluation, validates the method\'s eco-friendly potential. Implementation of this approach could significantly contribute to sustainable water treatment practices.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    开发用于制造商品化学品的更绿色和更可持续的合成工艺非常重要。目前的大多数苯酚生产方法涉及高能耗的苛刻反应条件,造成严重的环境污染。在这项研究中,我们提出了一种使用氯化胆碱-尿素(ChCl-尿素)低共熔溶剂(DES)将羟基苯甲酸(HBA)脱羧为苯酚的新方法。我们的研究揭示了ChCl-尿素作为HBA脱羧的催化剂和溶剂的显着双重性能,在温和的反应条件下产生高的苯酚产率(94mol%)。拟议的反应途径,通过实验和计算模拟相结合的方法建立,加强我们对这个过程的理解。还评估了脱羧过程中DES系统的可回收性。我们的研究结果表明,将DES集成到常规化学过程中可以为可持续制造铺平道路。举例说明了一种使用设计者溶剂从丰富的自然资源中生产苯酚的新方法。
    The development of greener and more sustainable synthesis processes for manufacturing commodity chemicals is of great importance. The majority of current phenol production methods involve harsh reaction conditions with high energy consumption, causing severe environmental pollution. In this study, we present a novel approach for the decarboxylation of hydroxybenzoic acids (HBAs) to phenol using a choline chloride-urea (ChCl-urea) deep eutectic solvent (DES). Our study reveals the remarkable dual performance of ChCl-urea both as a catalyst and solvent for the decarboxylation of HBA, resulting in a high phenol yield (94 mol%) under mild reaction conditions. The proposed reaction pathway, established through a combination of experiments and computational simulations, enhances our understanding of this process. The recyclability of the DES system during decarboxylation was also assessed. Our findings demonstrate that the integration of DES into conventional chemical processes can pave the way for sustainable manufacturing, exemplifying a novel approach for producing phenol from abundant natural resources using designer solvents.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    Erianin,在石斛提取物中发现的一种二苄基化合物,具有广泛的抗癌活性。然而,其在胃癌(GC)中的作用机制尚不清楚。LKB1是一种抑癌基因,它的突变是各种癌症的重要驱动因素。然而,一些研究报告了相互矛盾的发现。在这项研究中,我们结合生物信息学和体内外实验来研究Erianin治疗GC的作用和潜在机制。结果表明,LKB1在患者肿瘤组织和GC细胞中高表达,与患者预后不良有关。Erianin能促进GC细胞凋亡,抑制划痕修复,迁移,入侵,和上皮-间质转化(EMT)特征。Erianin剂量依赖性地抑制LKB1,SIK2,SIK3和PARD3的表达,但对SIK1没有显着影响。Erianin还抑制CDX小鼠模型中的肿瘤生长。出乎意料的是,5-FU对LKB1也表现出一定的抑制作用。Erianin和5-FU的组合显著提高了5-FU在GC细胞和异种移植小鼠模型的生长中的抗肿瘤功效。总之,Erianin是一种潜在的抗GC化合物,可以通过靶向LKB1-SIK2/3-PARD3信号轴来抑制GC生长和EMT特性。Erianin和5-FU的协同作用提示了用于GC治疗的有希望的治疗策略。
    Erianin, a bibenzyl compound found in dendrobium extract, has demonstrated broad anticancer activity. However, its mechanism of action in gastric cancer (GC) remains poorly understood. LKB1 is a tumor-suppressor gene, and its mutation is an important driver of various cancers. Yet some studies have reported contradictory findings. In this study, we combined bioinformatics and in vitro and in vivo experiments to investigate the effect and potential mechanism of Erianin in the treatment of GC. The results show that LKB1 was highly expressed in patients\' tumor tissues and GC cells, and it was associated with poor patient prognosis. Erianin could promote GC cell apoptosis and inhibit the scratch repair, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) characteristics. Erianin dose-dependently inhibited the expression of LKB1, SIK2, SIK3, and PARD3 but had no significant effect on SIK1. Erianin also inhibited tumor growth in CDX mice model. Unexpectedly, 5-FU also exhibited a certain inhibitory effect on LKB1. The combination of Erianin and 5-FU significantly improved the anti-tumor efficacy of 5-FU in the growth of GC cells and xenograft mouse models. In summary, Erianin is a potential anti-GC compound that can inhibit GC growth and EMT properties by targeting the LKB1-SIK2/3-PARD3-signaling axis. The synergistic effect of Erianin and 5-FU suggests a promising therapeutic strategy for GC treatment.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    背景:内分泌干扰化学物质(EDCs)在日常环境中普遍存在。这些化学物质的影响,以及与EDC相关的生活方式和饮食习惯对神经认知功能的影响,不是很了解。
    方法:长贡社区医学研究中心进行了一项涉及887名参与者的横断面研究。从最初的队列中,根据他们的EDC暴露分数选择120个个体进行详细分析。其中,使用AscertainDementia-8(AD-8)问卷进一步选择67名55岁或以上的参与者进行认知障碍评估。
    结果:这67名年龄较大的参与者在年龄上没有显著差异,白蛋白尿,或估计的肾小球滤过率与受损评分较低的肾小球滤过率相比。这项研究表明,邻苯二甲酸单(2-乙基己基)酯(MEHP)水平(8.511vs.6.432微克/克肌酐,p=0.038)与更高的认知障碍风险(AD-8≥2)相关。根据年龄调整的统计模型,性别,和糖尿病表明MEHP水平与AD-8评分呈正相关,在更全面的模型中达到统计学意义(β±SE:0.160±0.076,p=0.042)。Logistic回归分析强调了高MEHP水平和较高AD-8评分之间的显著正相关(比值比:1.217,p=0.006)。受试者工作特征曲线突出了高MEHP水平和EDC暴露评分与显著认知障碍的相关性,曲线下面积分别为66.3%和66.6%,分别。
    结论:暴露于EDCs,特别是邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯,MEHP的前身,可能与中老年人的神经认知障碍有关。
    BACKGROUND: Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are pervasive in everyday environments. The impacts of these chemicals, along with EDC-related lifestyle and dietary habits on neurocognitive function, are not well understood.
    METHODS: The Chang Gung Community Medicine Research Center conducted a cross-sectional study involving 887 participants. From this initial cohort, 120 individuals were selected based on their EDC exposure scores for detailed analysis. Among these, 67 participants aged 55 years or older were further chosen to undergo cognitive impairment assessments using the Ascertain Dementia-8 (AD-8) questionnaire.
    RESULTS: These 67 older participants did not significantly differ in age, albuminuria, or estimated glomerular filtration rate compared to those with lower impairment scores. This study revealed that mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) levels (8.511 vs. 6.432 µg/g creatinine, p = 0.038) were associated with greater risk of cognitive impairment (AD-8 ≥ 2). Statistical models adjusting for age, gender, and diabetes indicated that MEHP levels positively correlated with AD-8 scores, achieving statistical significance in more comprehensive models (β ± SE: 0.160 ± 0.076, p = 0.042). Logistic regression analysis underscored a significant positive association between high MEHP levels and higher AD-8 scores (odds ratio: 1.217, p = 0.006). Receiver operating characteristic curves highlighted the association of high MEHP levels and EDC exposure scores for significant cognitive impairment, with areas under the curve of 66.3% and 66.6%, respectively.
    CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to EDCs, specifically di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, the precursor to MEHP, may be associated with neurocognitive impairment in middle-aged and older adults.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    在最近的研究中,erianin,从铁皮石斛中分离出的天然产物,表现出显著的抗癌特性。Ferroptosis,一种新形式的程序性细胞死亡,通过诱导TMZ抗性神经胶质瘤细胞的铁凋亡,具有克服神经胶质瘤替莫唑胺(TMZ)抗性的潜力。这里,利用各种表型实验,包括细胞计数试剂盒-8(CCK-8)测定,EdU化验,transwell分析,神经球形成测定和极限稀释(ELDA)测定,我们证明了erianin对TMZ敏感和对TMZ耐药的神经胶质瘤干细胞(GSCs)均具有抗癌活性。此外,我们发现,在抗TMZ的GSCs中,erianin能增强TMZ敏感性.随后,我们证明了erianin在TMZ抗性GSCs中诱导铁凋亡,并通过诱导铁凋亡增强TMZ敏感性,通过细胞内ROS的测量证实了这一点,GSH,MDA,以及通过使用BODIPY(581/591)C11和透射电子显微镜。相反,铁凋亡抑制剂铁抑素-1(Fer-1)阻断了erianin的作用。通过免疫共沉淀(Co-IP)分析,进一步探讨了erianin诱导铁凋亡的潜在机制。泛素化试验,蛋白质稳定性评估,染色质免疫沉淀(ChIP)测定和荧光素酶报告基因测定。我们发现erianin专门针对REST,抑制其转录抑制功能而不改变其表达水平。因此,这种对REST作用的抑制导致LRSAM1表达上调。反过来,LRSAM1泛素化并降解SLC40A1,这是一种通过输出亚铁离子抑制铁凋亡的蛋白质。通过下调SLC40A1,erianin最终诱导TMZ抗性GSC的铁凋亡。一起来看,我们的研究表明,天然产物erianin抑制GSCs的恶性表型,并通过诱导铁凋亡增加TMZ在TMZ抗性GSCs中的敏感性。这些发现表明erianin是治疗TMZ抗性神经胶质瘤的前瞻性化合物。
    In recent studies, erianin, a natural product isolated from Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl, has exhibited notable anticancer properties. Ferroptosis, a novel form of programmed cell death, holds potential as a strategy to overcome Temozolomide (TMZ) resistance in glioma by inducing ferroptosis in TMZ-resistant glioma cells. Here, utilizing various phenotyping experiments, including cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays, EdU assays, transwell assays, neurosphere formation assays and extreme limiting dilution (ELDA) assays, we demonstrated that erianin exerts its anticancer activity on both TMZ sensitive and TMZ-resistant glioma stem cells (GSCs). Furthermore, we made an exciting discovery that erianin enhances TMZ sensitivity in TMZ-resistant GSCs. Subsequently, we demonstrated that erianin induced ferroptosis in TMZ-resistant GSCs and enhances TMZ sensitivity through inducing ferroptosis, which was confirmed by intracellular measurements of ROS, GSH, and MDA, as well as through the use of BODIPY (581/591) C11 and transmission electron microscopy. Conversely, the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) blocked the effects of erianin. The underlying mechanism of ferroptosis induced by erianin was further explored through co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays, ubiquitination assays, protein stability assessments, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays and luciferase reporter gene assays. We found that erianin specifically targets REST, inhibiting its transcriptional repression function without altering its expression levels. Consequently, this suppression of REST\'s role leads to an upregulation of LRSAM1 expression. In turn, LRSAM1 ubiquitinates and degrades SLC40A1, a protein that inhibits ferroptosis by exporting ferrous ions. By downregulating SLC40A1, erianin ultimately induces ferroptosis in TMZ-resistant GSCs. Taken together, our research demonstrates that the natural product erianin inhibits the malignant phenotype of GSCs and increases the sensitivity of TMZ in TMZ-resistant GSCs by inducing ferroptosis. These findings suggest erianin as a prospective compound for the treatment of TMZ-resistant glioma.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    酪氨酸酚裂解酶(TPL),在肠道细菌中表达,催化从底物L-Tyr形成苯酚。细菌代谢物苯酚和硫酸盐缀合物(硫酸苯基)被称为一种尿毒症毒素,其中一些发挥细胞毒性。因此,在病理上升高的苯酚和硫酸苯酯水平与尿毒症的病因和结果密切相关。在这项研究中,我们使用TPL活性测定法探索了膳食多酚对TPL催化的苯酚产生的抑制作用。槲皮素,最受欢迎的多酚之一,表现出最强的抑制活性(Ki=19.9µM)。槲皮素竞争性抑制TPL,其活性强于已知的TPL抑制剂(Tyr类似物;2-aza-Tyr,Ki=42.0µM)。此外,槲皮素显着抑制了表达TPL的细菌培养物(Morganellamorganii和Citrobacterkoseri)和富含Tyr(5%)的饮食喂养的C57BL/6J小鼠粪便中的苯酚产生。我们的发现表明槲皮素是最有前途的降低苯酚水平的多酚。因为槲皮素的胃肠道吸收率低,槲皮素抑制肠道TPL可能是治疗尿毒症的有效策略。
    Tyrosine phenol-lyase (TPL), which is expressed in intestinal bacteria, catalyzes the formation of phenol from the substrate L-Tyr. Bacterial metabolite phenol and the sulfate conjugate (phenyl sulfate) are known as a type of uremic toxins, some of which exert cytotoxicity. Therefore, pathologically elevated phenol and phenyl sulfate levels are strongly implicated in the etiology and outcome of uremia. In this study, we explored the inhibitory effects of dietary polyphenols on TPL-catalyzed phenol production using a TPL activity assay. Quercetin, one of the most popular polyphenols, exhibited the strongest inhibitory activity (Ki = 19.9 µM). Quercetin competitively inhibited TPL, and its activity was stronger than that of a known TPL inhibitor (Tyr analog; 2-aza-Tyr, Ki = 42.0 µM). Additionally, quercetin significantly inhibited phenol production in TPL-expressing bacterial cultures (Morganella morganii and Citrobacter koseri) and Tyr-rich (5%) diet-fed C57BL/6J mouse feces. Our findings suggest that quercetin is the most promising polyphenol for reducing phenol levels. Because quercetin has a low gastrointestinal absorption rate, TPL inhibition in the intestinal tract by quercetin may be an effective strategy for treating uremia.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    微生物混合培养是去除废水中高浓度苯酚的有效方法。目前,从废水中去除高浓度苯酚仍然是微生物面临的挑战。在这项研究中,分离出一个降解苯酚的财团,能在30h内快速降解1800mg/L的苯酚,苯酚的最高降解浓度为2000mg/L进一步探讨了微生物群落如何协同促进苯酚生物降解:微生物群落的核心菌在苯酚降解过程中相对稳定;该菌能提高对环境的适应性和苯酚的代谢能力。通过生产更多的表面活性剂和甜菜碱,从而提高降解率。机器学习模型中的决定系数(R2)表明,反向传播人工神经网络(BP-ANN)可以预测不同条件下苯酚的生物降解,节省时间和经济成本。本研究从微生物菌群组成和代谢分析两方面阐述了微生物菌群如何协同降解苯酚,为混合培养微生物降解污染物提供了理论依据。
    Mixed culture of microorganisms is an effective method to remove high concentration of phenol in wastewater. At present, it is still a challenge for microorganisms to remove high-concentration phenol from wastewater. In this study, a phenol-degrading consortium was isolated, which could rapidly degrade 1800 mg/L phenol within 30 h, and the highest phenol degradation concentration was 2000 mg/L. Further exploration of how microbial consortium cooperates to promote phenol biodegradation was studied: the core bacteria of the microbial consortium was relatively stable during phenol degradation; the bacteria could improve the adaptability to environment and metabolic ability of phenol, by producing more surfactants and betaine, thereby improving the degradation rate. The determination coefficient (R2) in the machine learning model showed that the back propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN) can predict the biodegradation of phenol under different conditions, saving time and economic costs. This study explains how microbial consortium cooperates to degrade phenol from the aspects of microbial consortium composition and metabolic analysis, which provides a theoretical basis for mixed culture microorganisms to degrade pollutants.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    背景:委内瑞拉(TrigonellaL.spp。),属于豆科植物(豆科),是众所周知的多用途作物,其材料目前在制药和食品工业中受到广泛关注,用于生产世界各地的健康和功能食品。伊朗是这种有价值的植物的主要多样性起源之一。因此,本研究的目的是探索维生素,矿物,和脂肪酸谱,近似组成,皂苷元的含量,三七碱,酚酸,总类胡萝卜素,皂苷,酚类物质,黄酮类化合物,还有单宁,粘液和苦味值,属于10种不同的伊朗Trigonella物种的30个种群的种子的抗氧化活性。
    结果:因此,我们确定了每个人群的营养和生物活性化合物的显着差异。抗坏血酸(18.67±0.85-22.48±0.60)和α-生育酚(31.61±0.15-38.78±0.67)的含量最高(mg/100gDW)。分别。在T.teheranica种群中发现了最大的儿茶素含量(52.67±0.05-63.50±0.72mg/l)。亚油酸(>39.11%±0.61%)和亚麻酸(>48.78±0.39%)是主要的多不饱和脂肪酸,在T.stellata种群中占大多数(54.81±1.39-63.46±1.21%)。T.stellata的种群中还富含Trigonelline(4.95±0.03〜7.66±0.16mg/gDW)和薯苷元(9.06±0.06±11.03±0.17mg/gDW)。
    结论:获得的数据提供了基线信息,以扩大野生和栽培的伊朗Trigonella物种的清单,以进一步开发新食品和特定应用中的丰富化学型。
    BACKGROUND: Fenugreeks (Trigonella L. spp.), belonging to the legume family (Fabaceae), are well-known multipurpose crops that their materials are currently received much attention in the pharmaceutical and food industries for the production of healthy and functional foods all over the world. Iran is one of the main diversity origins of this valuable plant. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to explore vitamins, minerals, and fatty acids profile, proximate composition, content of diosgenin, trigonelline, phenolic acids, total carotenoids, saponins, phenols, flavonoids, and tannins, mucilage and bitterness value, and antioxidant activity of the seed of thirty populations belonging to the ten different Iranian Trigonella species.
    RESULTS: We accordingly identified notable differences in the nutrient and bioactive compounds of each population. The highest content (mg/100 g DW) of ascorbic acid (18.67 ± 0.85‒22.48 ± 0.60) and α-tocopherol (31.61 ± 0.15‒38.78 ± 0.67) were found in the populations of T. filipes and T. coerulescens, respectively. Maximum content of catechin was found in the populations of T. teheranica (52.67 ± 0.05‒63.50 ± 0.72 mg/l). Linoleic acid (> 39.11% ± 0.61%) and linolenic acid (> 48.78 ± 0.39%) were the main polyunsaturated fatty acids, with the majority in the populations of T. stellata (54.81 ± 1.39‒63.46 ± 1.21%). The populations of T. stellata were also rich in trigonelline (4.95 ± 0.03‒7.66 ± 0.16 mg/g DW) and diosgenin (9.06 ± 0.06‒11.03 ± 0.17 mg/g DW).
    CONCLUSIONS: The obtained data provides baseline information to expand the inventory of wild and cultivated Iranian Trigonella species for further exploitation of rich chemotypes in the new foods and specific applications.
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