UNASSIGNED: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most common endocrine disorders of childhood and adolescence, showing a rapidly increasing prevalence worldwide. A study indicated that the composition of the oropharyngeal and gut microbiota changed in T1DM. However, no studies have yet associated the changes between the microbiomes of the oropharyngeal and intestinal sites, nor between the flora and clinical indicators. In this study, we examined the composition and characteristics of oropharyngeal and intestinal flora in patients with T1DM in compared to healthy children. We identified correlations between oropharyngeal and intestinal flora and evaluated their association with clinical laboratory tests in patients with T1DM.
UNASSIGNED: The oropharyngeal and fecal samples from 13 T1DM and 20 healthy children were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing of the V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA. The associations between microbes and microorganisms in oropharyngeal and fecal ecological niches, as well as the correlation between these and clinical indicators were further analyzed.
UNASSIGNED: It was revealed that T1DM children had distinct microbiological characteristics, and the dominant oropharyngeal microbiota genus included Streptococcus, Prevotella, Leptotrichia, and Neisseria; that of intestinal microbiota included Blautia, Fusicatenibacter, Bacteroides, and Eubacterium_hallii_group. Furthermore, oropharyngeal Staphylococcus was significantly positively correlated with intestinal norank_f__Ruminococcaceae and Ruminococcus_torques_group in TIDM children. Moreover, in these children, differential genes in oropharyngeal and intestinal samples were enriched in metabolic pathways such as amino acid generation, fatty acid metabolism, and nucleotide sugar biosynthesis. Additionally, correlation analysis between the oropharyngeal/intestinal microbiome with laboratory tests showed significant correlations between several bacterial taxa in the oropharynx and intestines and glycated hemoglobin and C-peptide.
UNASSIGNED: Unique microbial characteristics were found in the oropharynx and intestine in children with T1DM compared to healthy children. Positive correlations were found between changes in the relative abundance of oropharyngeal and gut microbiota in children with T1DM. Associations between the oropharyngeal/intestinal microbiota and laboratory investigations in children with T1DM suggest that the composition of the oropharyngeal and intestinal flora in children with T1DM may have some impact on glycemic control.

暂无摘要。

UNASSIGNED: To report a case of recurrent corneal ulcer caused by an oropharyngeal cavity pathogen.
UNASSIGNED: A patient presented with recurrent corneal ulcers with hypopyon. Leptotrichia species was eventually isolated from the corneal ulcer on bacterial polymerase chain reaction (PCR) after many negative bacterial culture attempts. Due to correct identification of the pathogen, it was discovered that the patient was exposing her eye to saliva. Modification of patient behavior and initiation of the appropriate antibacterial treatment resulted in resolution of recurrent episodes of active infection.
UNASSIGNED: Although Leptotrichia species are not typically ocular pathogens, they can become pathogenic in the cornea with direct transmission from the oral cavity to the eye.

OBJECTIVE: Antibiotic use and immunocompromised status in haematology patients have been shown to determine the constituents of commensal microbiota with highly increased resistance, including vancomycin resistant enterococci. We compared the carriage of virulence factor genes and the capacity for biofilm formation in vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) originating from the oropharyngeal and stool cultures of haematology patients.
METHODS: PCR tests were used to investigate the presence of genes encoding pathogenicity factors (esp and hyl) in VRE isolates. The genotype of vancomycin resistance was investigated by multiplex PCR tests for vanA and vanB genes. PFGE typing was conducted to exclude the duplicate isolates.
RESULTS: Of 3310 pharyngeal swabs taken from inpatients at a clinic for haematology, Enterococcus species were recovered in 6.46%. All VRE investigated were identified as Enterococcus faecium and were highly vancomycin resistant. VanA genotype was confirmed in all. In the group of oropharyngeal carriers (n = 8 patients), 15 strains were recovered from oropharyngeal specimens and PFGE typing revealed 5 types and 3 subtypes. Identical types of VRE in the oropharynx and stool cultures were found in three patients from this group. In the group of stool carriers (n = 24 patients) VRE were obtained from stools only and placed in 21 macro-restriction patterns. The esp gene was more common in VRE isolated from the oropharynx than in isolates from stools (p = 0.014). Results were not significant when we compared the presence of hyl genes in oropharyngeal isolates with those from stool cultures (p = 0.66) or when we investigated the association between esp and hyl gene carriage and capability of biofilm formation in non-repeated VRE.
CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, isolation of VRE from the oropharynx in haematology patients was associated with esp gene carriage. Further research is needed to investigate the clinical and long-term effects of this finding.

OBJECTIVE: The oropharyngeal flora is of importance for the development of oral mucositis, which is a frequent complication in oncologic practice. It also plays a role in the pathogenesis of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Mucositis is associated with significantly worse clinical and economic outcomes. The aim of our study was to assess the efficacy of Octenidol(®), Glandomed(®) and chlorhexidine mouthwash in the prevention of mucositis and reduction of the oropharyngeal flora.
METHODS: A prospective, double-blinded RCT including two strata was conducted between October 2008 and November 2010. Stratum i consisted of ventilated cardiothoracic surgical patients. Stratum ii consisted of medical patients with haemato-oncological malignancies requiring stem cell transplantation. The primary outcome measures were development of mucositis regarding to OMAS/WHO score and reduction of the oropharyngeal flora.
RESULTS: Both strata showed low OMAS/WHO scores which did not differ significantly between the groups. The overall mean reduction of colony forming units was significantly higher in the Octenidol(®) group compared to the chlorhexidine and the Glandomed(®) groups.
CONCLUSIONS: No significant differences in the development of mucositis were found, thus all solutions proved successful in the prevention of mucositis. However, Octenidol(®) was superior in the reduction of the oropharyngeal flora. Hence, the preventive effect on nosocomial infections might be higher in patients using Octenidol(®) rather than chlorhexidine or Glandomed(®).
Ziel: Die oropharyngeale Flora ist in der Pathogenese der oralen Mukositis und der Beatmungs-assoziierten Pneumonie von großer Wichtigkeit. Die Mukositis als häufige Komplikation bei hämato-onkologischen Patienten, ist assoziiert mit signifikant verschlechtertem klinischen und ökonomischen Outcome. Das Ziel unserer Studie war die Überprüfung der Wirksamkeit von Octenidol®, Glandomed® und Chlorhexidin-Mundspüllösung in Bezug auf die Prävention von Mukositis und die Reduktion der oropharyngealen Flora.Methoden: Eine prospektive, doppelt-verblindete randomisierte Studie von Oktober 2008 bis November 2010 mit zwei Studienarmen. Arm i bestand aus beatmeten kardiochirurgischen Patienten. Arm ii bestand aus hämato-onkologischen Patienten, die eine Stammzelltransplantation erhielten. Primäre Endpunkte waren die Entwicklung von Mukositis nach dem OMAD/WHO Score sowie die Reduktion der oropharyngealen Flora.Ergebnisse: Beide Studienarme zeigten niedrige OMAS/WHO Werte, die sich nicht signifikant unterschieden. Die gemittelte Gesamtreduktion von koloniebildenden Einheiten war signifikant größer in der Octenidol®-Gruppe im Vergleich zur Chlorhexidin- und Glandomed®-Gruppe.Fazit: Es zeigten sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede in Bezug auf die Entwicklung von Mukositis in beiden Studienarmen. Alle Lösungen stellten eine erfolgreiche Präventionsmaßnahme in Bezug auf die Pathogenese von Mukositis dar. Octenidol® zeigte im Vergleich zu Chlorhexidin oder Glandomed® eine stärkere Reduktion der oropharyngealen Flora und könnte sich daher als effektiver in der Prävention nosokomialer Infektionen erweisen.

The effect of radiotherapy on oropharyngeal bacterial and mycotic flora was studied. Thirty five patients were included from whom swabs were taken before and at the end of irradiation. Fifteen controls were included.It was found that Streptococcus pneumoniae was significantly decreased at end of irradiation, while there wan an increase in Staphylococcus aureus. Pseudomonas, Bacteroides and Candida species. There was no change in culture and sensitivity pattern prior to and after radiotherapy.