■需要成功实施有效的干预措施才能产生影响。存在两种基于理论的措施来衡量实施策略的有效性并监测实施进度。标准化保证发展问卷(NoMAD)探讨了四个核心概念(一致性,认知参与,集体行动,自反性监测)的规范化过程理论。组织实施变革准备(ORIC)是基于组织变革准备理论的,衡量组织成员实施变革的心理和行为准备。我们在跨国实施有效性研究中检查了NoMAD和ORIC的测量特性。
■9个国家的12个精神卫生组织对常见的精神障碍实施了基于互联网的认知行为疗法(iCBT)。参与iCBT服务提供的工作人员(n=318)参与了这项研究。这两种方法都使用标准化的前后翻译程序翻译成八种语言。估计了度量和分量表之间的相关性,以检查收敛有效性。使用验证性因子分析(CFA)测试了量表的理论因子结构。重测信度基于相隔3个月的两个时间点的得分之间的相关性。使用Cronbachα评估内部一致性。使用零分数和最大分数的比例来量化地板和天花板效应。
■NoMAD和ORIC测度相关但不同的潜在结构。CFA表明,每个测量使用总分是适当的。NoMAD的理论子量表具有足够的内部一致性。总量表具有较高的内部一致性。总ORIC量表和分量表显示出高度的内部一致性。两种措施的重测可靠性都是次优的,并且没有地板和天花板效应。
■这项研究证实了NoMAD和ORIC在多民族精神卫生保健环境中的心理测量特性。在衡量实施过程的不同但相关的方面时,NoMAD和ORIC被证明在不同的语言设置中是有效和可靠的。
■需要成功实施有效的干预措施才能产生影响。需要可靠的测量仪器来确定实施是否成功。存在两种基于理论的工具来衡量实施战略的有效性和监测进展。NoMAD衡量的是与感官创造相关的标准化方面,执行意愿,人们所做的工作,和反思。组织实施变更的准备程度(ORIC)衡量组织成员实施变更的准备程度。
■这项研究检查了NoMAD和ORIC是否测量了它们应该测量的内容。我们把乐器从英语翻译成八种语言(阿尔巴尼亚语,丹麦语,荷兰人,法语,德语,意大利语,和西班牙语/加泰罗尼亚语)我们应用了各种统计方法来确认测量特性,包括尺度的相关性,因素结构,测试-重测可靠性,一致性和地板和天花板的影响。来自9个国家的318名心理健康专业人员参与了这项研究。
■对于两种仪器,可以使用总分以及子量表得分。ORIC的内部一致性很高,NoMAD足够。证明了重测可靠性,地板和天花板的影响是罕见的。
NoMAD和ORIC是衡量不同国家和语言的精神卫生保健机构实施过程和结果的可靠工具。它们衡量实施过程和结果的相关但不同的方面。措施很简短,理论支持。然而,在解释与实施成功相关的分数以及随着时间的推移的变化方面,还有更多的工作要做。
UNASSIGNED: Effective interventions need to be implemented successfully to achieve impact. Two theory-based measures exist for measuring the effectiveness of implementation strategies and monitor implementation progress. The Normalization MeAsure Development questionnaire (NoMAD) explores the four core concepts (Coherence, Cognitive Participation, Collective Action, Reflexive Monitoring) of the Normalization Process Theory. The Organizational Readiness for Implementing Change (
ORIC) is based on the theory of Organizational Readiness for Change, measuring organization members\' psychological and behavioral preparedness for implementing a change. We examined the measurement properties of the NoMAD and ORIC in a multi-national implementation effectiveness study.
UNASSIGNED: Twelve mental health organizations in nine countries implemented Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) for common mental disorders. Staff involved in iCBT service delivery (n = 318) participated in the study. Both measures were translated into eight languages using a standardized forward-backward translation procedure. Correlations between measures and subscales were estimated to examine convergent validity. The theoretical factor structures of the scales were tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Test-retest reliability was based on the correlation between scores at two time points 3 months apart. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach\'s alpha. Floor and ceiling effects were quantified using the proportion of zero and maximum scores.
UNASSIGNED: NoMAD and
ORIC measure related but distinct latent constructs. The CFA showed that the use of a total score for each measure is appropriate. The theoretical subscales of the NoMAD had adequate internal consistency. The total scale had high internal consistency. The total
ORIC scale and subscales demonstrated high internal consistency. Test-retest reliability was suboptimal for both measures and floor and ceiling effects were absent.
UNASSIGNED: This study confirmed the psychometric properties of the NoMAD and ORIC in multi-national mental health care settings. While measuring on different but related aspects of implementation processes, the NoMAD and ORIC prove to be valid and reliable across different language settings.
UNASSIGNED: Effective interventions need to be implemented successfully to achieve impact. Reliable measurement instruments are needed to determine if an implementation was successful or not. Two theory-based instruments exist for measuring the effectiveness of implementation strategies and monitor progress. The NoMAD measures aspects of normalization related to sense-making, willingness to implement, the work people do, and reflection. The Organizational Readiness for Implementing Change (ORIC) measures organization members’ preparedness for implementing a change.
UNASSIGNED: This study examined whether the NoMAD and
ORIC measure what they are supposed to measure. We translated the instruments from English to eight languages (Albanian, Danish, Dutch, French, German, Italian, and Spanish/Catalan) We applied various statistical methods to confirm the measurement properties, including correlations of scales, factor structures, test–retest reliability, consistency and floor and ceiling effects. 318 mental health professionals from nine countries participated in the study.
UNASSIGNED: For both instruments, total scores can be used as well as the subscale scores. Internal consistency for
ORIC was high and for NoMAD adequate. Test–retest reliability was demonstrated, and floor and ceiling effects were rare.
UNASSIGNED: NoMAD and ORIC are reliable instruments for measuring implementation processes and outcomes across mental health care settings in different countries and languages. They measure related but different aspects of implementation processes and outcomes. The measures are brief, and theory supported. However, more work is to be done on interpreting scores in relation to implementation success and regarding changes over time.