Electronic cigarettes, a recent and burgeoning product, are gaining traction among the general population. However, despite their growing popularity, there is a lack of comprehensive research on their potential health risks. A prominent concern is EVALI (electronic cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury), a newly recognized condition currently under intense investigation. Here, we report the case of a 24-year-old male with a history of chronic smoking e-cigarettes and vaping products heavily over the past year. He sought urgent care at the emergency room due to symptoms that had been present for seven days before seeking medical attention. These symptoms included a sudden onset of difficulty breathing at rest, an intermittent dry cough producing a small amount of greenish sputum, and occasional episodes of mild hemoptysis. Chest radiograph showed bilateral diffuse infiltrates including almost innumerable tiny interstitial nodules. Multiple lobes of the lungs were affected by consolidations and patches of ground-glass opacities in the chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) image. Throughout the following week, the patient\'s health showed gradual improvement with the aid of supportive measures and corticosteroid treatment. As part of the recovery plan, the patient was released with a gradually reducing regimen of oral corticosteroids and was scheduled for regular outpatient monitoring. The progression of the recovery was notable through enhancements in clinical symptoms, biological markers, and radiological findings.

We report the case of a 59-year-old female patient, presenting with pustular rash on both hands and pain in the lumbosacral part and left lower limb. A magnetic resonance imaging examination of the left leg was undertaken and the result showed that a malignant lesion with bone destruction of the left femoral shaft could not be excluded. Subsequently, bone tumor was excluded by pathological examination. Lung computed tomography scan showed patchy consolidation and cord shadow in the middle left lung. Subsequently, lung cancer was excluded by pathological examination, and the histopathological changes of lung were consistent with those of organized pneumonia. Blood tests revealed elevated C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Antinuclear antibody, rheumatoid factor, and human leukocyte antigen-B27 were unremarkable. Whole body bone scintigraphy via technetium 99m-methyl diphosphonate showed increased radionuclide uptake in the left middle femur. Based on her clinical manifestations, imaging results and bone scintigraphy, the patient was diagnosed as having synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome. Loxoprofen and Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F led to impressive clinical and radiologic improvement.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the utility of dual-energy spectral computed tomography (CT) in the differential diagnosis of focal organizing pneumonia (FOP) and solitary bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (S-BAC).
METHODS: The institutional review board approved this study and waived the requirement for informed consent. It is a retrospective study. A total of 105 patients (62 with FOP and 43 with S-BAC) enrolled and all patients have contrast enhanced spectral CT including the arterial phase (AP) and venous phase (VP). During AP and VP, CT40 keV, CT70 keV, and CT100 keV values, iodine concentration (IC), water concentration (WC), and effective atomic number (Zeff) were measured on monochromatic and iodine-based material decomposition images, and the slope of the spectral curve (λHu) was calculated. The two-sample t-test was used to compare quantitative parameters, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to calculate diagnostic efficacies.
RESULTS: For AP, CT40 keV and CT70 keV values, IC, WC, Zeff, λ70 keV, and λ100 keV measurements, there were significantly higher in patients with S-BAC than in those with FOP (P < 0.05). However, these quantitative parameters of VP were significantly lower in patients with S-BAC than in those with FOP (P < 0.05). ROC curve analysis revealed that the combination of all quantitative parameters in AP and VP provided the best diagnostic performance in distinguishing S-BAC from FOP (area under the ROC curve, 93.1%; sensitivity, 95.3%; specificity, 77.4%).
CONCLUSIONS: Dual-energy spectral CT has the potential to identify S-BAC and FOP.

BACKGROUND: Eribulin is typically used to treat patients with advanced breast cancer, and anti-cancer agents often cause the development of interstitial pneumonia in Japanese patients with advanced cancer. However, few case reports have addressed eribulin-induced interstitial pneumonia. Herein, we report a rare case of interstitial pneumonia-specifically, organized pneumonia-during treatment with eribulin in a patient with advanced breast cancer.
METHODS: A 52-year-old Japanese woman was diagnosed as having advanced breast cancer 3 years before the admission described in the present report. She had received eribulin as third-line chemotherapy. Five days after her second treatment with eribulin, she was admitted to our hospital with dyspnea and dry cough. Upon admission, a chest computed tomography scan showed consolidation, with air bronchograms along the bronchovascular bundle of both lower lobes. The patient\'s serum levels of sialylated carbohydrate antigen Krebs von den Lungen-6 were high, as were her surfactant protein-D levels. There was no evidence of heart failure, renal failure, or infection. Based on the clinical cause, as well as on the findings of organized pneumonia, the patient was diagnosed as having interstitial pneumonia and treated with corticosteroids. After the initiation of steroid treatment, her respiratory condition and chest radiological findings improved.
CONCLUSIONS: This case reveals an association between eribulin treatment and interstitial pneumonia. To our knowledge, this is the first case report to describe eribulin-induced organized pneumonia. Clinicians should be aware that interstitial pneumonia can develop during treatment with anti-cancer agents.

BACKGROUND: Loxoprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of many diseases. However, there are no case reports about loxoprofen-induced pneumonia. We have encountered a rare case of loxoprofen-induced pneumonia.
METHODS: We report the case of a 71-year-old Japanese woman who was initially treated with loxoprofen for fever. She was admitted to our hospital because of worsening of her symptoms, including fever and dyspnea. Her symptoms improved after treatment with ceftriaxone. Seven days after admission, she again developed high fever. She was again treated with loxoprofen and levofloxacin. However, acute respiratory failure developed after initiation of loxoprofen treatment. Chest computed tomography showed peribronchovascular consolidation. She was diagnosed with loxoprofen-induced pneumonia for which she was administered steroids. After treatment, her dyspnea and radiological findings improved.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings in this case report reveal an association between treatment with a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug and pneumonia. This rare case was diagnosed after accidental retreatment with loxoprofen. This is the first report of loxoprofen-induced pneumonia.

Surgery, radiotherapy (RT), and chemotherapy have a role in the control of tumor growth, progression, and recurrence in high-grade gliomas. Temozolomide has been incorporated as the main chemotherapy agent for managing these tumors. Here, we present a case of a patient who developed a severe organizing pneumonia after increasing doses of temozolomide for a high-grade glioma.