目标:高水平的乐观情绪(和低水平的悲观情绪)与成年人身体健康的改善有关。然而,在青年时期,人们对这些关系的了解相对较少。本研究旨在回顾研究乐观主义的文献,悲观,以及有和没有健康状况的儿童和青少年的身体健康。
方法:我们进行了范围审查,直到2024年2月。如果他们对年轻人(平均年龄≤18岁)进行抽样,并将乐观或悲观视为健康行为或结果的预测指标,则包括研究。研究数据和样本特征,健康结果,乐观主义建构,并从符合条件的论文中提取发现,并合成结果。
结果:保留了60项研究。大多数研究是在北美进行的,与青少年,并使用横断面设计和自我报告的健康措施。乐观和悲观的措施在不同的研究中有所不同。大约三分之一的研究对医疗人群进行了抽样。健康类别包括物质使用,饮食和身体活动,性健康实践,医疗依从性,其他健康行为,心脏代谢健康,主观健康/与健康相关的生活质量,疼痛,睡眠,口腔健康。一般来说,我们观察到乐观和健康之间的适应性关联.较高的乐观情绪和较低的悲观情绪与较低的药物使用率和较低的心脏代谢风险密切相关。
结论:乐观的存在或不悲观的存在似乎与有和没有健康状况的青年的各种适应性健康结果有关。发展,方法论,并讨论了未来研究的临床考虑,如进行纵向研究与健康的客观措施和心理测量验证的工具。
OBJECTIVE: High levels of
optimism (and low levels of pessimism) are associated with improved physical health in adults. However, relatively less is known about these relations in youth. The present study aimed to review the literature investigating
optimism, pessimism, and physical health in children and adolescents from populations with and without health conditions.
METHODS: We conducted a scoping review up until February 2024. Studies were included if they sampled youth (average age ≤18 years) and treated
optimism or pessimism as predictors of health behaviors or outcomes. Data on study and sample characteristics, health outcome, optimism construct, and findings were extracted from eligible papers and results were synthesized.
RESULTS: Sixty studies were retained. Most studies were conducted in North America, with adolescents, and used cross-sectional designs and self-reported measures of health. Measures of
optimism and pessimism differed across studies. Roughly one-third of studies sampled medical populations. Health categories included substance use, diet and physical activity, sexual health practices, medical adherence, other health behaviors, cardiometabolic health, subjective health/health-related quality of life, pain, sleep, and oral health. Generally, we observed adaptive associations between
optimism and health. Higher optimism and lower pessimism were most consistently associated with lower rates of substance use and lower cardiometabolic risk.
CONCLUSIONS: The presence of optimism or the absence of pessimism appears to be associated with various adaptive health outcomes among youth with and without health conditions. Developmental, methodological, and clinical considerations for future research are discussed, such as conducting longitudinal studies with objective measures of health and psychometrically validated instruments.