甘油醛3-磷酸脱氢酶(GAPDH)是糖酵解的关键酶,所有生物体碳水化合物代谢的基本代谢途径。最近的研究表明,磷酸化GAPDH表现出各种月光功能,促进植物生长和发育,自噬,耐旱性,耐盐性,和细菌/病毒疾病抗性。然而,在油菜(甘蓝型油菜),GAPDHs在植物对真菌病原体的免疫反应中的作用仍未被探索。在这项研究中,在欧洲油菜中发现了28个编码GAPDH蛋白的基因,并根据其蛋白结构和系统发育关系分为三个不同的亚类。全基因组复制在BnaGAPDHs的进化中起着重要作用。合成分析揭示了直系同源关系,在拟南芥中鉴定23、26和26个BnaGAPDH基因,芸苔属油菜,和甘蓝,分别。12个BnaGAPDHs的启动子区域揭示了一系列对生物和非生物胁迫的响应元件,表明它们在植物抗逆性中的关键作用。转录组分析表征了核盘菌感染和激素治疗期间不同BnaGAPDH基因的表达谱。值得注意的是,BnaGAPDH17,BnaGAPDH20,BnaGAPDH21和BnaGAPDH22表现出对硬化链球菌感染的敏感性,草酸,激素信号。有趣的是,在标准生理条件下,BnaGAPDH17、BnaGAPDH20和BnaGAPDH22主要定位于细胞质和质膜,在细胞核中也可检测到BnaGAPDH21。此外,在H2O2治疗和菌核链球菌感染下观察到BnaGAPDH20的核易位。这些发现可能为阐明磷酸化GAPDH的功能提供了理论基础。
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a crucial enzyme in glycolysis, an essential metabolic pathway for carbohydrate metabolism across all living organisms. Recent research indicates that phosphorylating GAPDH exhibits various moonlighting functions, contributing to plant growth and development, autophagy, drought tolerance, salt tolerance, and bacterial/viral diseases resistance. However, in rapeseed (Brassica napus), the role of GAPDHs in plant immune responses to fungal pathogens remains unexplored. In this study, 28 genes encoding GAPDH proteins were revealed in B. napus and classified into three distinct subclasses based on their protein structural and phylogenetic relationships. Whole-genome duplication plays a major role in the evolution of BnaGAPDHs. Synteny analyses revealed orthologous relationships, identifying 23, 26, and 26 BnaGAPDH genes with counterparts in Arabidopsis, Brassica rapa, and Brassica oleracea, respectively. The promoter regions of 12 BnaGAPDHs uncovered a spectrum of responsive elements to biotic and abiotic stresses, indicating their crucial role in plant stress resistance. Transcriptome analysis characterized the expression profiles of different BnaGAPDH genes during Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infection and hormonal treatment. Notably, BnaGAPDH17, BnaGAPDH20, BnaGAPDH21, and BnaGAPDH22 exhibited sensitivity to S. sclerotiorum infection, oxalic acid, hormone signals. Intriguingly, under standard physiological conditions, BnaGAPDH17, BnaGAPDH20, and BnaGAPDH22 are primarily localized in the cytoplasm and plasma membrane, with BnaGAPDH21 also detectable in the nucleus. Furthermore, the nuclear translocation of BnaGAPDH20 was observed under H2O2 treatment and S. sclerotiorum infection. These findings might provide a theoretical foundation for elucidating the functions of phosphorylating GAPDH.