Abstract：
Achyrocline satureioides, popularly called \"marcela\" in Brazil, is used in traditional medicine in South America. A. satureioides, inflorescences are used for many conditions, including to minimize the Sars-Cov-2 symptoms. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the toxicity profile of A. satureioides aqueous extract (ASAE), using the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) alternative model. Survival, reproduction, development, and transgenerational assays were performed. The effects of ASAE were investigated under conditions of thermal stress and presence of oxidant hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In addition, C. elegans strains containing high antioxidant enzyme levels and elevated lineages of daf-16, skn-1 and daf-2 regulatory pathways were examined. The ASAE LC50 value was found to be 77.3 ± 4 mg/ml. The concentration of ASAE 10 mg/ml (frequently used in humans) did not exhibit a significant reduction in worm survival at either the L1 or L4 stage, after 24 or 72 hr treatment. ASAE did not markedly alter the body area. In N2 strain, ASAE (10 or 25 mg/ml) reversed the damage initiated by H2O2. In addition, ASAE protected the damage produced by H2O2 in strains containing significant levels of sod-3, gst-4 and ctl - 1,2,3, suggesting modulation in these antioxidant systems by this plant extract. ASAE exposure activated daf-16 and skn-1 stress response transcriptional pathways independently of daf-2, even under extreme stress. Data suggest that ASAE, at the concentrations tested in C. elegans, exhibits a reliable toxicity profile, which may contribute to consideration for safe use in humans.
摘要：
赤霉素，在巴西被称为“marcela”，在南美用于传统医学。A.satureioides,花序用于许多条件，包括尽量减少Sars-Cov-2症状。因此,这项研究的目的是确定A.satureioides水提取物（ASAE）的毒性特征，使用秀丽隐杆线虫(C.线虫)替代模型。生存,繁殖，发展,并进行了跨代测定。在热应力和氧化剂过氧化氢（H2O2）存在的条件下研究了ASAE的影响。此外,检测了含有高抗氧化酶水平和daf-16、skn-1和daf-2调节途径的谱系升高的秀丽隐杆线虫菌株。发现ASAE的LC50值为77.3±4mg/ml。在L1或L4阶段，10mg/ml的ASAE浓度（经常用于人类）并未显着降低蠕虫的存活率。24或72小时治疗后。ASAE没有明显改变身体面积。在N2菌株中，ASAE（10或25mg/ml）逆转了H2O2引起的损伤。此外,ASAE保护了H2O2在含有大量sod-3，gst-4和ctl-1,2,3的菌株中产生的损害，表明该植物提取物对这些抗氧化系统的调节。即使在极端胁迫下，ASAE暴露也独立于daf-2激活了daf-16和skn-1应激反应转录途径。数据表明，ASAE，在C.elegans测试的浓度下，表现出可靠的毒性特征，这可能有助于考虑在人类中安全使用。
