目的:呼吸道菌群被认为是健康的看门人。因此,微生物群生态失调可导致疾病的发展。为了确定局部致病菌的确切来源,我们调查了上呼吸道的细菌组成。
方法:从每个参与者的鼻孔或口咽处收集单独的粘膜拭子。同时,术中收集腺样体和扁桃体等淋巴组织。从所有样品中提取DNA用于以下16SrRNA分析。
结果:在门级别,腺样体中的基本细菌结构,扁桃体,口咽,和鼻孔大致相似:五个主要的门Firmicutes,变形杆菌,拟杆菌,放线菌,和镰状细菌构成了大部分的微生物群。然而,在这四个网站上,微生物群组成不同。更具体地说,鼻孔中的细菌成分是独特的。在那里,厚壁菌和放线菌是最丰富的门,而拟杆菌和梭杆菌最少。在属一级,葡萄球菌,Dolosigranulum,棒状杆菌,莫拉氏菌是最丰富的,而镰刀菌是最不充足的。在所有网站上,链球菌表现出相似的丰度。梭菌在淋巴组织和口咽中表现出更高的丰度。扁桃体和口咽部嗜血杆菌和奈瑟菌较多。值得注意的是,克雷伯菌属,通常位于肠道,在腺样体和扁桃体中含量丰富。
结论:我们的数据表明,有希望的致病菌起源于上呼吸道的所有部位。上束淋巴组织,通常被认为是免疫器官,也可以作为致病菌的储库。
OBJECTIVE: The respiratory tract microbiota are deemed as the gatekeeper to health. Consequently, microbiota dysbiosis can lead to the development of diseases. To identify the exact origins of the localized pathogenic bacteria, we investigated bacterial composition in the upper airway tract.
METHODS: Separate mucosal swabs were collected from nostril or oropharynx of each participant. Meanwhile, the lymphoid tissues including adenoids and tonsils were collected during operation. DNAs were exacted from all the samples for the following 16S rRNA analysis.
RESULTS: At the phylum level, the basic bacterial structures in the adenoids, tonsils, oropharynx, and
nostrils were generally similar: five main phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Fusobacteria form the majority of the microbiota. However, across these four sites, the microbiota composition differed. More specifically, the bacterial composition in the
nostrils was unique. There, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were the most abundant phyla, while Bacteroides and Fusobacteria were the least abundant. At the genus level, Staphylococcus, Dolosigranulum, Corynebacterium, and Moraxella were the most plentiful, while Fusobacteria was the least ample. Across all sites, Streptococcus displayed similar abundances. Fusobacteria exhibited higher abundances in the lymphoid tissues and oropharynx. Haemophilus and Neisseria were more plentiful in the tonsils and oropharynx. Notably, Klebsiella, which is normally localized to the gut, was abundant in the adenoids and tonsils.
CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that promising pathogenic bacteria originate from all sites in the upper airway. The upper tract lymphoid tissues, normally considered as immune organs, may also serve as reservoirs for pathogenic bacteria.