PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) causes morbidity and mortality in cattle. The critical roles of the respiratory microbiota in BRD have been widely studied. The nasopharynx was the most popular sampling niche for BRD pathogen studies. The oral cavity and other niches within the respiratory tract, such as nostrils and lung, are less assessed. In this study, oropharyngeal swabs (OS), nasal swabs (NS), nasopharyngeal swabs (NP), and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were collected from calves located in four countries and analyzed for investigation of the dissimilarities and connections of the respiratory microbiota. The results showed that the microbial diversity, structure, and composition in the upper and lower respiratory tract in beef cattle from China, the USA, Canada, and Italy were significantly different. The microbial taxa for each sampling niche were specific and associated with their local physiology and geography. The signature microbiota for OS, NS, NP, and BAL were identified using the LEfSe algorithm. Although the spatial dissimilarities among the respiratory niches existed, the microbial connections were observed in beef cattle regardless of geography. Notably, the nostril and nasopharynx had more similar microbiomes compared to lung communities. The major bacterial immigration patterns in the bovine respiratory tract were estimated and some of them were associated with geography. In addition, the contribution of oral microbiota to the nasal and lung ecosystems was confirmed. Lastly, microbial interactions were characterized to reveal the correlation between the commercial microbiota and BRD-associated pathogens. In conclusion, shared airway microbiota among niches and geography provides the possibility to investigate the common knowledge for bovine respiratory health and diseases. In spite of the dissimilarities of the respiratory microbiota in cattle, the spatial connections among these sampling niches not only allow us to deeply understand the airway ecosystem but also benefit the research and development of probiotics for BRD.
摘要：
牛呼吸道疾病（BRD）会导致牛的发病率和死亡率。呼吸道微生物群在BRD中的关键作用已被广泛研究。鼻咽是BRD病原体研究中最受欢迎的采样生态位。口腔和呼吸道内的其他壁龛，比如鼻孔和肺，评估较少。在这项研究中,口咽拭子(OS),鼻拭子(NS),鼻咽拭子(NP),从四个国家的小牛中收集支气管肺泡灌洗（BAL），并对其进行分析，以调查呼吸道微生物群的差异和联系。结果表明,微生物多样性,结构,中国肉牛上下呼吸道的成分，美国,加拿大,和意大利有很大不同。每个采样生态位的微生物类群是特定的，并与其当地的生理和地理相关联。OS的特征微生物群，NS,NP,使用LEfSe算法识别BAL。尽管呼吸道壁龛之间存在空间差异，无论地理位置如何，在肉牛中都观察到了微生物的联系。值得注意的是,与肺群落相比，鼻孔和鼻咽的微生物群落更相似。估算了牛呼吸道中主要的细菌迁移模式，其中一些与地理有关。此外,证实了口腔微生物群对鼻腔和肺部生态系统的贡献。最后,对微生物相互作用进行了表征，以揭示商业微生物群和BRD相关病原体之间的相关性。总之,生态位和地理环境之间共享的气道微生物群提供了研究牛呼吸道健康和疾病常识的可能性。尽管牛的呼吸道微生物群不同，这些采样生态位之间的空间联系不仅使我们深入了解气道生态系统，而且有利于BRD益生菌的研究和开发。
