背景:种族认同可能与运动相关脑震荡(SRC)后的临床结果相关。这项研究比较了黑人或白人大学运动员从SRC恢复前后的临床结果得分。
方法:前瞻性队列。
方法:参与者是自我报告的白人(n=61,18.5[1.1]岁)和黑人(n=24,18.3[1.1]岁)NCAA1级大学运动员。修订后的头部伤害量表(HIS-r),即时脑震荡后和认知测试(Impact)电池,和基线(T1)的感官组织测试(SOT),根据诊断出的SRC后的症状缓解(T2),并建立新的基线评估(T3)。种族是从纸质和电子病历中收集的。修订后的头部损伤总症状严重程度量表,Impact\的言语记忆,视觉记忆,视觉电机转速(VMS),反应时间,和SOT均衡分数,在每个时间点进行组间比较。多变量方差分析(2[组]×3[时间])用于比较修订的头部损伤量表,影响,和SOT结果分数。事后分析包括独立和配对样本t检验。
结果:对于SOT,观察到显著的时间主效应(λ=0.66,F2,82=21.55,P<.001,ηp2=.34)。白人运动员在所有时间点之间的平衡得分显着提高(所有P<.006)。同样,黑人运动员在T1-T2和T1-T3之间的平衡得分显着提高(所有P<.001)。时间对ImPACT的言语记忆有显著的主要影响,视觉记忆,和VMS结果评分(所有P<.001)。白人运动员的VMS在T1-T2(P=.02)和T3(P=.006)之间有所改善。黑人运动员在T1-T3(P=0.015)和T2-T3(P=0.005)之间的VMS得分有所改善。在T2观察到VMS的组间差异(P=.004)。
结论:在T2时,两组之间的VMS评分有1个小的且无临床显著性差异。总的来说,组的基线平衡表现一致或有所改善,认知,和SRC后临床相关时间点的症状结果评分。
BACKGROUND: Racial identity may associate with clinical outcomes following sport-related concussion (SRC). This study compared clinical outcome scores before and after recovery from a SRC between Black or White college athletes.
METHODS: Prospective cohort.
METHODS: Participants were self-reported White (n = 61, 18.5 [1.1] y of age) and Black (n = 24, 18.3 [1.1] y of age) NCAA Division 1 college athletes. The revised Head Injury Scale (HIS-r), the Immediate Postconcussion and Cognitive Test (ImPACT) battery, and the Sensory Organization Test (SOT) at baseline (T1), upon symptom resolution (T2) following a diagnosed SRC, and upon establishing a new baseline assessment (T3). Race was collected from paper and electronic medical records. The revised Head Injury Scale total symptom severity, ImPACT\'s Verbal Memory, Visual Memory, Visual Motor Speed (VMS), and Reaction Time, and the SOT Equilibrium Score, were compared between groups at each time point. Multivariate analyses of variance (2 [group] × 3 [time]) were used to compare revised Head Injury Scale, ImPACT, and SOT outcome scores. Post hoc analyses consisted of independent and paired sample t tests.
RESULTS: A significant main effect for time (λ = 0.66, F2,82 = 21.55, P < .001, ηp2=.34) was observed for the SOT. White athletes significantly improved on the Equilibrium Score between all time points (all P < .006). Similarly, Black athletes significantly improved on the Equilibrium Score between T1-T2 and T1-T3 (all P < .001). A significant main effect of time was observed for ImPACT\'s Verbal Memory, Visual Memory, and VMS outcome scores (all P < .001). VMS improved for White athletes between T1-T2 (P = .02) and T3 (P = .006). Black athletes had improved VMS scores between T1-T3 (P = .015) and T2-T3 (P = .005). A between-group difference was observed for VMS at T2 (P = .004).
CONCLUSIONS: There was 1 small and not clinically significant difference between groups for the VMS score at T2. Overall, groups performed consistently or improved upon their baseline balance, cognition, and symptom outcome scores at clinically relevant time points following a SRC.