Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Prospective associations between preadolescent neurocognitive structure and onset of substance use in adolescence have not been examined. This study investigated associations between cognitive structure among youth aged 9 - 10 years and the likelihood of experimentation with tobacco and alcohol by ages 13-14 years.
METHODS: A principal component (PC) analysis of nine neurocognitive assessments was used to identify the cognitive structure of unrelated adolescent brain cognitive development study participants (n = 9,655). We modeled associations between neurocognitive PCs and odds of tobacco or alcohol use by ages 13-14 years using generalized linear mixed models with a logit link and random intercept for recruitment sites. Demographics, family conflict, neighborhood safety, and externalizing and internalizing behavior were considered covariates.
RESULTS: Four neurocognitive PCs were identified and labeled general ability, executive function, learning and memory, and mental rotation. Mental rotation [odds ratio [OR] = 0.88, p-value = .013] was associated with lower odds of youth tobacco use; the association was stronger among female youth. General ability [OR = 1.20, p-value < .0001] among both males and females, and learning and memory [OR = 1.11, p-value = .024] among females, were associated with increased odds of youth alcohol use.
CONCLUSIONS: Among youth, higher neurocognitive performance was protective for tobacco use but increased the likelihood of alcohol use. Potential sex differences were identified. The role of cognition in processing the social contexts surrounding tobacco and alcohol use in the United States may contribute to the formation of disparate youth expectancies for tobacco and alcohol use.
METHODS: A principal component (PC) analysis of nine neurocognitive assessments was used to identify the cognitive structure of unrelated adolescent brain cognitive development study participants (n = 9,655). We modeled associations between neurocognitive PCs and odds of tobacco or alcohol use by ages 13-14 years using generalized linear mixed models with a logit link and random intercept for recruitment sites. Demographics, family conflict, neighborhood safety, and externalizing and internalizing behavior were considered covariates.
RESULTS: Four neurocognitive PCs were identified and labeled general ability, executive function, learning and memory, and mental rotation. Mental rotation [odds ratio [OR] = 0.88, p-value = .013] was associated with lower odds of youth tobacco use; the association was stronger among female youth. General ability [OR = 1.20, p-value < .0001] among both males and females, and learning and memory [OR = 1.11, p-value = .024] among females, were associated with increased odds of youth alcohol use.
CONCLUSIONS: Among youth, higher neurocognitive performance was protective for tobacco use but increased the likelihood of alcohol use. Potential sex differences were identified. The role of cognition in processing the social contexts surrounding tobacco and alcohol use in the United States may contribute to the formation of disparate youth expectancies for tobacco and alcohol use.
摘要：
目的：尚未研究青春期前神经认知结构与青春期物质使用发生之间的前瞻性关联。这项研究调查了9-10岁青少年的认知结构与13-14岁进行烟草和酒精实验的可能性之间的关联。
方法：使用九项神经认知评估的主成分（PC）分析来识别无关的青少年大脑认知发展研究参与者（n=9,655）的认知结构。我们使用广义线性混合模型对神经认知PC与13-14岁的烟草或酒精使用几率之间的关联进行建模，该模型具有logit链接和招募地点的随机截获。人口统计,家庭冲突,邻里安全,外部化和内化行为被认为是协变量。
结果：确定了四种神经认知PC，并标记了一般能力，执行功能，学习和记忆，和精神旋转。心理旋转[优势比[OR]=0.88，p值=0.013]与青少年吸烟的几率较低相关；女性青年之间的关联更强。男性和女性的一般能力[OR=1.20，p值<0.0001]，以及女性的学习和记忆[OR=1.11，p值=0.024]，与年轻人饮酒的几率增加有关。
结论：在年轻人中，较高的神经认知表现对吸烟有保护作用,但增加了饮酒的可能性.确定了潜在的性别差异。在美国，认知在处理围绕烟草和酒精使用的社会环境中的作用可能有助于形成不同的青少年对烟草和酒精使用的期望。
方法：使用九项神经认知评估的主成分（PC）分析来识别无关的青少年大脑认知发展研究参与者（n=9,655）的认知结构。我们使用广义线性混合模型对神经认知PC与13-14岁的烟草或酒精使用几率之间的关联进行建模，该模型具有logit链接和招募地点的随机截获。人口统计,家庭冲突,邻里安全,外部化和内化行为被认为是协变量。
结果：确定了四种神经认知PC，并标记了一般能力，执行功能，学习和记忆，和精神旋转。心理旋转[优势比[OR]=0.88，p值=0.013]与青少年吸烟的几率较低相关；女性青年之间的关联更强。男性和女性的一般能力[OR=1.20，p值<0.0001]，以及女性的学习和记忆[OR=1.11，p值=0.024]，与年轻人饮酒的几率增加有关。
结论：在年轻人中，较高的神经认知表现对吸烟有保护作用,但增加了饮酒的可能性.确定了潜在的性别差异。在美国，认知在处理围绕烟草和酒精使用的社会环境中的作用可能有助于形成不同的青少年对烟草和酒精使用的期望。
