Eusociality和非凡的老化多表型在进化上耦合吗?社交昆虫皇后和不育工人之间的寿命差异-几十年与月,分别-早已得到认可。在哺乳动物中,雌性裸痣大鼠的寿命非常长,大约是小鼠的10倍。这种对衰老的鲁棒性与社会进化和发育时机的共同机制有关,神经保护,抗氧化防御,和神经生理学?专注于大脑衰老,我们研究了两个不同的社会进化枝之间衰老的相关性和后果,以及它们与单独分类群的区别。时间的年龄和神经退化的生理指标,包括DNA损伤或细胞死亡,在社会性昆虫中似乎是脱钩的。在某些物种中,脑细胞死亡不会随着工人年龄的增加而增加,并且皇后区和工人之间的DNA损伤发生率相似。相比之下,裸mole鼠表现出新生小鼠的特征,例如长期发育,可以保护衰老和环境应激源。抗氧化防御似乎在不同的分类单元中受到不同的调节,建议对生活史和环境的独立适应。Eusocial昆虫和裸mole鼠似乎已经进化出不同的机制,从而导致类似的抗衰老表型。仔细选择比较类群并进一步探索新陈代谢在衰老中的作用,可以揭示保持社会物种大脑功能和生理弹性的机制。
Are eusociality and extraordinary aging polyphenisms evolutionarily coupled? The remarkable disparity in longevity between social insect queens and sterile workers-decades vs. months, respectively-has long been recognized. In mammals, the lifespan of eusocial naked mole rats is extremely long-roughly 10 times greater than that of mice. Is this robustness to senescence associated with social evolution and shared mechanisms of developmental timing, neuroprotection, antioxidant defenses, and neurophysiology? Focusing on brain senescence, we examine correlates and consequences of aging across two divergent eusocial clades and how they differ from solitary taxa. Chronological age and physiological indicators of neural deterioration, including DNA damage or cell death, appear to be decoupled in eusocial insects. In some species, brain cell death does not increase with worker age and DNA damage occurs at similar rates between queens and workers. In comparison, naked mole rats exhibit characteristics of neonatal mice such as protracted development that may offer protection from aging and environmental stressors. Antioxidant defenses appear to be regulated differently across taxa, suggesting independent adaptations to life history and environment. Eusocial insects and naked mole rats appear to have evolved different mechanisms that lead to similar senescence-resistant phenotypes. Careful selection of comparison taxa and further exploration of the role of metabolism in aging can reveal mechanisms that preserve brain functionality and physiological resilience in eusocial species.