头颈癌(HNC)是印度的主要公共卫生问题。本文介绍了印度不同地区的HNC负担。国家癌症登记计划公布的基于人群的癌症登记(PBCR)数据,班加罗尔,塔塔纪念中心,孟买,印度,被利用了。37个PBCR分为六个地区,包括中部,东,北,东北,西部和南部。HNC的年龄标准化发生率为25.9(95%CI25.7-26.1)和8.0(95%CI7.9-8.1)每100,000人口,分别,在男性和女性。HNC约占男性所有癌症病例的26%,女性占8%。男性患HNC的风险为33分之一,女性为107分之一。东北登记册报告称,男性发病率最高,为每10万人中31.7人,其次是北方(28.5),central(28.3),西方(24.4),南部(23.9)和东部(18.3)。在女性中,发病率为6.2-10.1/100,000人.对于所有PBCR,60岁以上年龄组的HNC负担是20-39岁年龄组的2-3倍.印度的HNC负担高于美国,英国,澳大利亚,非洲和巴西。来自科伦坡区等东南亚地区的PBCR,斯里兰卡,以及Siraha,Saptari,Dhanusha和Mohattari-尼泊尔也报告了HNC的高负担。所有地区都报告说口腔是主要的癌症部位,其次是舌头,喉部,下咽和扁桃体,但东北地区登记的下咽是最主要的癌症。HNC的其他部位的负担较低。提高对疾病和相关危险因素的认识,提供早期检测服务,以及容易获得诊断和治疗是必需的。政府应该把重点放在基础设施建设和能力建设上,以控制这种疾病。
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a major public health problem in India. This article presents the HNC burden in different regions of India. The published population-based cancer registries (PBCRs) data from the National Cancer Registry Programme, Bengaluru, and the Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India, were utilised. The 37 PBCRs were divided into six regions including central, east, north, northeast, west and south. The age-standardised incidence rate of HNC was 25.9 (95% CI 25.7-26.1) and 8.0 (95% CI 7.9-8.1) per 100,000 population, respectively, in males and females. HNC accounted for about 26% of all cancer cases in males and 8% in females. The risk of developing HNC was 1 in 33 for males and 1 in 107 for females. The northeastern registries reported the highest incidence rate 31.7 per 100,000 population in males followed by northern (28.5), central (28.3), western (24.4), southern (23.9) and eastern (18.3). In females, the incidence was in the range of 6.2-10.1 per 100,000 population. For all PBCRs together, the HNC burden was two to three times higher in the age group 60+ as compared to 20-39 years. The HNC burden in India is higher than in the USA, UK, Australia, Africa and Brazil. The PBCRs from the south-east Asia region such as the Colombo district, Sri Lanka, as well as Siraha, Saptari, Dhanusha and Mohattari - Nepal have also reported a high burden of HNC. All regions reported mouth as a leading cancer site followed by tongue, larynx, hypopharynx and tonsil except the northeastern region registries where hypopharynx was the top leading cancer. The burden of other sites of HNC is low. Raising awareness of the disease and associated risk factors, providing early detection services, as well as easy access to diagnosis and treatment are required. The government should focus on building the infrastructure and capacity building to control this disease.