■世界卫生组织(WHO)对耐碳青霉烯的肠杆菌科进行了分类,铜绿假单胞菌(P.铜绿假单胞菌),和鲍曼不动杆菌(A.鲍曼不动杆菌)作为高度优先的病原体,和碳青霉烯类耐药细菌(CRB)已被报道在人类之间传播,动物,和环境。
■本研究旨在对动物的碳青霉烯耐药性进行系统评价,食物,和非洲大陆的环境,并为更好地预防和控制非洲碳青霉烯耐药性提供建议和观点。
■从2009年至2023年收集的总共137篇研究文章被选入本综述,包括报告动物中耐碳青霉烯类细菌的文章(81/137;59.1%),环境(66/137;48.2%),和食品(26/137;19%)。耐碳青霉烯类细菌属31属17科,主要包括埃希氏菌属。(68/127;53.5%);克雷伯菌属。(45/127;35.4%);假单胞菌属。(20/127;15.7%),肠杆菌属。(19/127;15%)和不动杆菌属。(15/127;11.8%)。按国家划分的CRB患病率从1.1%到48.5%不等,在非洲,从动物-环境-食品中分离出的CRB的合并患病率为19.1%(2804/14,684;标准偏差=15)。属于A的二十个碳青霉烯酶家族,B,C,据报道,D-Ambler类,主要包括来自blaOXA的碳青霉烯酶基因(44/84;52.4%),blaNDM(34/84;40.5%),blaSHV(23/84;27.4%),blaKPC(22/84;26.2%),blaVIM(19/84;22.6%),和blaIMP(12/84;14.3%)家庭。报道的携带碳青霉烯酶编码基因的可移动遗传元件(MGE)包括质粒(16/19;84.2%),积分子(3/19;15.8%),转座子(3/19;15.8%),和插入序列(2/19;10.5%)。blaOXA-48通常由(60kb-65kb)IncL/M型pOXA-48质粒携带,而blaNDM-5通常由(45-50kb)IncX型质粒携带。此外,25篇文章调查并报道了携带多种毒力因子的强毒力和高毒力CRB。
■动物-环境-食物生态系统将构成与人类感染有关的CRB库。“一个健康”方法和政府之间的持续合作对于大幅降低与抗菌素耐药性相关的死亡率是必要的。
UNASSIGNED: The World Health Organization (WHO) has classified carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), and Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) as high-priority pathogens, and carbapenem-resistant bacteria (CRB) have been reported to spread between humans, animals, and the environment.
UNASSIGNED: This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of carbapenem resistance in animals, foods, and the environment on the African continent and to provide recommendations and perspectives for better prevention and control of carbapenem resistance in Africa.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 137 research articles collected from 2009 to 2023 were selected for this review, including articles reporting carbapenem-resistant bacteria in animals (81/137; 59.1%), the environment (66/137; 48.2%), and foods (26/137; 19%). Carbapenem-resistant bacterial species belonged to 31 genera and 17 families, including mainly Escherichia spp. (68/127; 53.5%); Klebsiella spp. (45/127; 35.4%); Pseudomonas spp. (20/127; 15.7%), Enterobacter spp. (19/127; 15%) and Acinetobacter spp. (15/127; 11.8%). The prevalence of CRBs by country ranged from 1.1% to 48.5%, and the pooled prevalence of CRBs isolated from animal-environment-food in Africa was 19.1% (2804/14,684; Standard Deviation = 15). Twenty carbapenemase families belonging to A, B, C, and D Ambler classes were reported, including mainly carbapenemase genes from blaOXA (44/84; 52.4%), blaNDM (34/84; 40.5%), blaSHV (23/84; 27.4%), blaKPC (22/84; 26.2%), blaVIM (19/84; 22.6%), and blaIMP (12/84; 14.3%) families. The reported mobile genetic elements (MGE) carrying carbapenemase-encoding genes included plasmids (16/19; 84.2%), integrons (3/19; 15.8%), transposons (3/19; 15.8%), and insertion sequences (2/19; 10.5%). blaOXA-48 was often carried by (60kb-65kb) IncL/M-type pOXA-48 plasmids, while blaNDM-5 was often carried by (45-50kb) IncX-type plasmids. Moreover, 25 articles investigated and reported virulent and hypervirulent CRBs that carried multiple virulence factors.
UNASSIGNED: Animal-environment-food ecosystems would constitute reservoirs of CRBs involved in human infections. The One Health approach and constant collaboration between governments are necessary to drastically reduce the mortality rates linked to antimicrobial resistance.