背景:牛奶的营养价值取决于其成分,包括脂肪,蛋白质,碳水化合物,和矿物。乳腺产奶能力受复杂的基因网络控制。因此,脂肪,蛋白质,和乳糖合成必须加强牛奶,以提高产奶效率。这可以通过将遗传进步与适当的管理实践相结合来实现。因此,本研究旨在探讨脂蛋白脂肪酶(LPL),κ酪蛋白CSN3和葡萄糖转运蛋白1(GLUT1)基因表达水平和脂肪等牛奶成分,蛋白质,不同乳品品种在不同泌乳阶段的乳糖。
方法:为了达到这样的目的,在泌乳早期和高峰阶段,收集了94个牛奶样品(来自36头多胎黑白和红白荷斯坦-弗里斯(HF)母牛的72个样品和来自11只埃及水牛的22个牛奶样品)。使用非侵入性方法将乳样品用于乳分析和基因表达分析,以获得作为核糖核酸(RNA)来源的乳脂肪球(MFG)。
结果:发现埃及水牛的LPL和CSN3基因表达水平明显高于荷斯坦-弗里斯(HF)奶牛以及脂肪和蛋白质百分比。另一方面,GLUT1基因表达水平在泌乳高峰期明显高于泌乳早期。此外,与泌乳早期相比,乳糖%在泌乳高峰期显示出显着差异。此外,泌乳早期的脂肪和蛋白质百分比显着高于泌乳高峰期,但乳糖%表现出埃及水牛的相反模式。
结论:可以从MFGs中成功获得总RNA。结果表明,这些基因在泌乳期奶牛乳腺上皮细胞的葡萄糖吸收和乳糖合成中起作用。此外,这些结果为不同的荷斯坦-弗里斯牛品种和埃及水牛亚种在整个泌乳阶段中这些基因的差异表达提供了启示。
BACKGROUND: The
milk\'s nutritional value is determined by its constituents, including fat, protein, carbohydrates, and minerals. The mammary gland\'s ability to produce
milk is controlled by a complex network of genes. Thereby, the fat, protein, and lactose synthesis must be boost in
milk to increase
milk production efficiency. This can be accomplished by fusing genetic advancements with proper management practices. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between the Lipoprotein lipase (LPL), kappa casein CSN3, and Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) genes expression levels and such milk components as fat, protein, and lactose in different dairy breeds during different stages of lactation.
METHODS: To achieve such a purpose, 94 milk samples were collected (72 samples from 36 multiparous black-white and red-white Holstein-Friesian (HF) cows and 22 milk samples from 11 Egyptian buffaloes) during the early and peak lactation stages. The
milk samples were utilized for
milk analysis and genes expressions analyses using non- invasive approach in obtaining
milk fat globules (MFGs) as a source of Ribonucleic acid (RNA).
RESULTS: LPL and CSN3 genes expressions levels were found to be significantly higher in Egyptian buffalo than Holstein-Friesian (HF) cows as well as fat and protein percentages. On the other hand, GLUT1 gene expression level was shown to be significantly higher during peak lactation than early lactation. Moreover, lactose % showed a significant difference in peak lactation phase compared to early lactation phase. Also, fat and protein percentages were significantly higher in early lactation period than peak lactation period but lactose% showed the opposite pattern of Egyptian buffalo.
CONCLUSIONS: Total RNA can be successfully obtained from MFGs. The results suggest that these genes play a role in glucose absorption and lactose synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells during lactation. Also, these results provide light on the differential expression of these genes among distinct Holstein-Friesian cow breeds and Egyptian buffalo subspecies throughout various lactation phases.