金属增材制造(AM)是一种逐层工艺,可以直接制造各种工业零件。这种方法有利于复杂工业的设计和制造,先进,以及用于不同行业的精细零件,比如航空航天,医学,涡轮机,和珠宝,其中使用其他制造技术是困难的或不可能的。该方法在尺寸精度和制造速度方面是有利的。然而,用这种方法制造的零件可能会出现各向异性等缺陷,微孔,和有缺陷的关节。像钛这样的金属,铝,不锈钢,超合金,等。,已经以粉末或金属丝的形式用作各种零件的增材制造中的进料。区分不同增材制造工艺的主要标准是沉积方法。关于这个标准,AM过程可以分为四类:局部熔化,烧结,薄板成形,和电化学方法。影响增材制造部件的性质和与AM工艺相关的缺陷的参数决定了应当制造某个部件的方法。这项研究是对不同增材制造工艺的调查,他们的机制,能力,缺点,以及它们制造的零件的一般特性。
Metal additive manufacturing (AM) is a layer-by-layer process that makes the direct manufacturing of various industrial parts possible. This method facilitates the design and fabrication of complex industrial, advanced, and fine parts that are used in different industry sectors, such as aerospace, medicine, turbines, and jewelry, where the utilization of other fabrication techniques is difficult or impossible. This method is advantageous in terms of dimensional accuracy and fabrication speed. However, the parts fabricated by this method may suffer from faults such as anisotropy, micro-porosity, and defective joints. Metals like titanium, aluminum, stainless steels, superalloys, etc., have been used-in the form of powder or wire-as feed materials in the additive manufacturing of various parts. The main criterion that distinguishes different additive manufacturing processes from each other is the deposition method. With regard to this criterion, AM processes can be divided into four classes: local melting, sintering, sheet forming, and electrochemical methods. Parameters affecting the properties of the additive-manufactured part and the defects associated with an AM process determine the method by which a certain part should be manufactured. This study is a survey of different additive manufacturing processes, their mechanisms, capabilities, shortcomings, and the general properties of the parts manufactured by them.