代谢紊乱,包括肥胖,血脂异常,糖尿病,非酒精性脂肪性肝病,代谢综合征,以胰岛素抵抗为特征,循环胆固醇和血脂异常,和高血压。代谢紊乱最常见的病理生理是糖/脂代谢失调,胰岛素抵抗,炎症反应,和氧化应激。虽然几种药物已被批准用于治疗代谢紊乱,对于副作用较小的更有效的药物仍有强烈的需求。几十年来,天然产物一直是药物研究和发现的关键来源。然而,生物活性天然产物的有用性通常受到对其直接细胞靶标的不完全理解的限制。在这次审查中,我们强调目前对代谢紊乱的已建立和新出现的分子机制的理解.我们进一步总结了天然产物对代谢紊乱的治疗作用和潜在机制。它们的直接细胞目标突出显示,主要涉及葡萄糖/脂质代谢的调节,胰岛素抵抗,代谢性炎症,和氧化应激。最后,这篇综述还涵盖了天然产物在代谢紊乱中的临床研究。这些进展有望促进这些天然产物及其衍生物在抗代谢紊乱新药开发中的应用。
Metabolic disorders, including obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and metabolic syndrome, are characterized by insulin resistance, abnormalities in circulating cholesterol and lipid profiles, and hypertension. The most common pathophysiologies of metabolic disorders are glucose/lipid metabolism dysregulation, insulin resistance, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress. Although several agents have been approved for the treatment of metabolic disorders, there is still a strong demand for more efficacious drugs with less side effects. Natural products have been critical sources of drug research and discovery for decades. However, the usefulness of bioactive natural products is often limited by incomplete understanding of their direct cellular targets. In this review, we highlight the current understanding of the established and emerging molecular mechanisms of metabolic disorders. We further summarize the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of natural products on metabolic disorders, with highlights on their direct cellular targets, which are mainly implicated in the regulation of glucose/lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, metabolic inflammation, and oxidative stress. Finally, this review also covers the clinical studies of natural products in metabolic disorders. These progresses are expected to facilitate the application of these natural products and their derivatives in the development of novel drugs against metabolic disorders.