种质资源评价是种质资源开发的前提,利用率,保护中药材资源。筛选优良种质是半夏选育和有序生产的关键。在这项研究中,收集来自中国主产区的21份黄柏种质材料,经过表型初筛,进行种群多样性分析。结果表明,三叶草种群具有丰富的表型变异,根据器官性状变异,表型变化可分为五种表型。进一步分析该群体20个数量性状的变异,发现腺苷含量的变异系数(339.05%)最大,而地下株高的变异系数(16.35%)最小。相关分析表明,各性状之间存在较强的相关性,其中52对性状呈极显著相关(P<0.01),19对性状呈极显著相关(P<0.05)。通过聚类分析将试验中的21份种质分为三个主要簇,其中Ⅱ簇核苷的数量和含量最高,使其适合于核苷含量高的P.ternata品种的选育。Ⅲ组的产量高于其他组,使其适合高产品系的选育。通过主成分分析,可以将所有性状指标简化为五个主成分因子,累计贡献率达86.04%。Further,使用隶属函数和逐步回归分析进行综合分析,确定了9个性状,如植物高度,主叶长度,以地下株高为特征指标,对黄柏种质资源进行综合评价。BX007,BX008和BX005被鉴定为高产和高尿苷含量的种质。其中BX007的尿苷含量最高,为479.51μg·g〜(-1)。它属于双球茎假单胞菌种质,可以作为潜在的优良品种进行栽培。基于假单胞菌的表型分类,本研究进行了系统的资源评价,为黄柏遗传资源的挖掘和新品种的选育奠定了基础。
The evaluation of germplasm resources is the prerequisite for the development, utilization, and conservation of Chinese medicinal resources. The selection of excellent germplasm is the key to the breeding and orderly production of Pinellia ternata. In this study, 21 germplasm materials of P. ternata from major production areas in China were collected and analyzed for population diversity after phenotypic preliminary screening. The results have revealed that the P. ternata population has abundant phenotypic variation, and the phenotypic changes could be divided into five phenotypes in terms of organ trait variation. Further analysis of variation in 20 quantitative traits of the population revealed that the coefficient of variation for adenosine content(339.05%) was the largest, while the coefficient of variation for the underground plant height(16.35%) was the smallest. Correlation analysis showed that there was a strong correlation among various traits, with 52 pairs of traits showing highly significant correlation(P<0.01) and 19 pairs of traits showing a significant correlation(P<0.05). The 21 germplasms in the test could be classified into three major clusters by cluster analysis, with Cluster Ⅱ having the highest number and content of nucleosides, making it suitable for the selection and breeding of P. ternata varieties with high content of nucleosides. The yield in Cluster Ⅲ was higher than that in other groups, making it suitable for the selection and breeding of P. ternata varieties with a high yield. All trait indicators could be simplified into five principal component factors through principal component analysis, and the cumulative contribution rate was up to 86.04%. Further, comprehensive analysis using membership function and stepwise regression analysis identified nine traits, such as plant height, main leaf length, and underground plant height as characteristic indicators for the comprehensive evaluation of germplasm resources of P. ternata. BX007, BX008, and BX005 were identified as germplasms with both high yield and high uridine content, with BX007 having the highest uridine content of 479.51 μg·g~(-1). It belonged to the germplasm of P. ternata with double bulbils and could be cultivated as a potential good variety. Based on the phenotypic classification of P. ternata, systematic resource evaluation was carried out in this study, which could lay a foundation for the excavation of genetic resources and the breeding of new varieties of P. ternata.