目的:尽管营养支持有益于老年性黄斑变性(AMD)患者的视觉康复,相关指南与AMD患者的实际做法之间仍然存在很大差距;这种差距可归因于缺乏营养素养.因此,本研究探讨了影响AMD患者营养素养的因素。
方法:根据对15名AMD患者的个人面对面访谈进行了定性研究;使用半结构化访谈指南进行数据收集。采用社会生态模型(SEM)进行数据分析。
方法:重庆市西南医院,中国。
方法:在2023年5月至6月之间招募了15名AMD患者的目的样本。
结果:AMD患者的社会生态系统并不积极。在内部层面,影响此类患者营养素养的因素是缺乏知识,营养自我效能感,经济负担,饮食偏好和健康状况。在人际关系层面,影响患者营养素养的因素是社会支持和社会角色。在机构层面,相关因素是医患信任和跨学科团队一致性.最后,在政策层面,一个强大的因素是政策和执行之间的巨大差距。
结论:营养素养侧重于个体营养知识和行为的变化。为AMD患者的营养素养干预措施的发展提供信息,医务人员应考虑多个角度,以消除各级SEM的障碍。
OBJECTIVE: Although nutritional support is beneficial to the visual rehabilitation of patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a large gap continues to exist between the relevant guidelines and the actual practices of AMD patients; this gap can be attributed to a lack of nutritional literacy. Therefore, this study explored the factors affecting nutritional literacy among AMD patients.
METHODS: A qualitative study was carried out based on individual in-person interviews with 15 AMD patients; a semistructured interview guide was used for data collection. The socioecological model (SEM) was employed for data analysis.
METHODS: The Southwest Hospital in Chongqing Province, China.
METHODS: A purposive sample of 15 AMD patients was recruited between May and June 2023.
RESULTS: The social ecosystem of patients with AMD has not been positive. At the intrapersonal level, the factors affecting the nutritional literacy of such patients are lack of knowledge, nutrition self-efficacy, economic burdens, dietary preferences and health status. At the interpersonal level, the factors that can influence patients\' nutritional literacy are social support and social roles. At the institutional level, the relevant factors are doctor-patient trust and interdisciplinary-team consistency. Finally, at the policy level, a powerful factor is the large gap between policy and implementation.
CONCLUSIONS: Nutritional literacy focuses on the changes in an individual\'s knowledge and behaviour concerning nutrition. To inform the development of nutritional-literacy interventions for people with AMD, medical staff should consider multiple perspectives that can remove the barriers to the SEM at all levels.