背景:研究饮食行为的时间和/或持续时间是否影响睡眠健康的数据有限。
目的:研究没有慢性疾病或病症的年轻人的饮食行为与睡眠之间的关系。
方法:一项横断面研究使用了来自随机交叉试验的7天基线数据。
方法:西拉斐特的52名年轻人,IN,2017年4月至2018年5月。
方法:通过三个非连续的,24小时饮食召回。睡前,唤醒时间,总睡眠时间,睡眠潜伏期,睡眠效率,通过腕关节肌动描记术和睡眠日记,在7天内测量睡眠开始后的唤醒。
方法:采用双向方差分析,根据消费时间(早期与后期进食)和进食持续时间(长:>13小时,短:<11小时,或标准:11-13小时)与事后成对比较。
结果:消费时机的主要影响,但不是进食的持续时间,被检测到唤醒时间,就寝时间,和睡眠效率(所有,P<0.05)。具体来说,与那些有较早饮食模式的参与者相比,有较晚饮食模式的参与者,包括不吃早餐的参与者的觉醒时间和就寝时间都更晚。此外,那些后来的饮食模式包括不吃早餐和夜间饮食的人的睡眠效率较低(77.0±2.3%)。那些吃早餐和晚上不吃东西的人(84.6±1.4%,P<0.001);不吃早餐但没有夜间进食的人(84.2±2.5%;P<0.05)。那些吃早餐但也有夜间进食的人的睡眠效率为82.4±1.4%(P=0.09)。
结论:进食时间与睡眠-觉醒开始和睡眠效率相关。这项研究提供了相对于睡眠-觉醒周期的饮食行为的初步表征,并强调需要进行实验研究,以了解操纵饮食时机以更好地与睡眠-觉醒周期保持一致是否可以改善睡眠健康。
BACKGROUND: Limited data exist examining whether timing and/or duration of eating behaviors throughout the day affect sleep health.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between eating behaviors and sleep in young adults without chronic diseases or conditions.
METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study using 7 days of baseline data from a randomized crossover trial.
METHODS: Participants included 52 young adults. The study took place in West Lafayette, Indiana, between April 2017 and May 2018.
METHODS: Timing and duration of eating were assessed via 3 nonconsecutive, 24-hour dietary recalls. Bedtime, wake time, total sleep time, sleep latency, sleep efficiency, and wake after sleep onset were measured over 7 days via wrist actigraphy and sleep diaries.
METHODS: Two-way analyses of variance were applied to assess group differences based on timing of consumption (early vs late eating) and duration of eating (long: >13 hours, short: <11 hours, or standard: 11-13 hours) with post-hoc pairwise comparisons.
RESULTS: Main effects of timing of consumption, but not duration of eating, were detected for wake time, bedtime, and sleep efficiency (all, P < .05). Specifically, participants with later eating patterns that included breakfast skipping had later wake times and later bedtimes than those with earlier eating patterns. In addition, those who had later eating patterns that included breakfast skipping and nighttime eating experienced lower sleep efficiency (mean [SE], 77.0% [2.3%]) vs those who consumed breakfast and no nighttime eating (mean [SE], 84.6% [1.4%]; P < .001) and those who skipped breakfast but had no nighttime eating (mean [SE], 84.2% [2.5]; P < .05). Those who consumed breakfast but also had nighttime eating had a mean (SE) sleep efficiency of 82.4% (1.4%) (P = .09).
CONCLUSIONS: The timing of eating was associated with sleep-wake onset and sleep efficiency. This study provides the preliminary characterization of eating behaviors relative to sleep-wake cycles and highlights the need for experimental studies to understand whether manipulating the timing of eating occasions to better align with sleep-wake cycles could improve sleep health.