目的:本研究旨在概述历史事件的范围和挑战,并帮助更好地为未来类似的群众聚集事件准备紧急医疗服务。
方法:这是对2021年至2022年北美抗议和冲突事件的回顾性描述性分析。
背景:最近的抗议活动,骚乱,北美的其他冲突事件突显了医院和院前医疗保健提供者面临的日益严峻的挑战。这项研究对2021年至2022年北美的抗议和冲突事件进行了回顾性描述性分析,这可能有助于紧急医疗服务机构了解历史事件的范围和挑战,并有助于更好地为未来类似的群众聚集事件做好准备。
方法:通过回顾性数据库搜索武装冲突地点和事件数据项目(ACLED)数据库进行数据收集。使用内部数据库搜索功能搜索ACLED数据库,以查找2021年1月1日至2022年12月31日在北美发生的记录事件。Date,事件类型,事件子类型,事故发生的国家,并提取了死亡人数。将结果导出到Excel电子表格中,并由L.C.独立分析,H.S.,和R.H.
结果:北美共有52,529起记录的政治冲突事件,2021年有30,269项赛事,2022年有29,260项赛事。政治冲突事件包括抗议活动(40,934,68.8%),针对平民的暴力行为(11,532,19.4%),战略发展(2819,4.7%),战斗(2,293,3.9%),骚乱(1,909,3.2%),和远程暴力(42,0.1%)。针对平民的暴力行为造成的死亡人数最高(13,466,82.6%),其次是战斗(2662,16.3%),骚乱(111,0.7%),战略发展,远程暴力,和抗议(分别为57、6和3)。
结论:墨西哥和美国占了2021年和2022年北美政治冲突的大部分。在墨西哥,针对平民的抗议和暴力是最常见的冲突类型,与其他国家相比,后者造成的死亡率相对较高。墨西哥卡特尔之间的战斗是北美记录的最致命的政治冲突。
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to provide an overview of the scope and challenges of historic events and help better prepare emergency healthcare services for future similar mass gathering events.
METHODS: This was a retrospective descriptive analysis of protest and conflict events in North America from 2021 to 2022.
BACKGROUND: Recent protests, riots, and other conflict events in North America have highlighted the increasing challenges hospital-based and prehospital healthcare providers face. This study provides a retrospective descriptive analysis of protest and conflict events in North America from 2021 to 2022, which may aid emergency healthcare services in understanding the scope and challenges of historic events and help better prepare for future similar mass gathering events.
METHODS: Data collection was performed using a retrospective database search through the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) database. The ACLED database was searched using the internal database search functions for recorded events that occurred in North America from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2022. Date, event type, event subtype, the country of incident, and fatality numbers were extracted. The results were exported into an Excel spreadsheet and analyzed independently by L.C., H.S., and R.H.
RESULTS: There were a total of 52,529 recorded events of political conflict in North America, with 30,269 events in 2021 and 29,260 in 2022. Political conflict events included protests (40,934, 68.8%), violence against civilians (11,532, 19.4%), strategic developments (2,819, 4.7%), battles (2,293, 3.9%), riots (1,909, 3.2%), and remote violence (42, 0.1%). Violence against civilians caused the highest fatalities (13,466, 82.6%), followed by battles (2,662, 16.3%), riots (111, 0.7%), strategic developments, remote violence, and protests (57, 6, and 3 respectively).
CONCLUSIONS: Mexico and the United States accounted for most of the political conflicts in North America across 2021 and 2022. In Mexico, protests and violence against civilians were the most common types of conflict, with the latter accounting for the comparatively high fatality compared with the other countries. Battles in Mexico between cartels were the most deadly political conflicts recorded in North America.