PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Introduction Trauma and injuries are common among pilgrims during Hajj, the biggest mass gathering event. Trauma and injury causes vary from falling and pressing in crowds to being burned by boiled water and road traffic accidents (RTA). Time to reach the hospital during highly condensed areas in Hajj are challenges for the public health authorities and the healthcare system to achieve optimum control, management, and outcome. This study aims to explore the pattern of trauma and injuries during Hajj as it is crucial to improve future preventive measures and care quality. Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted in one hospital in each of the Mena and Arafat (Al-Mashaar\'s areas) in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia, from July 8 to 10, 2022. Data was collected through interviews with patients who visit the hospitals or enter the emergency department and are diagnosed with trauma or injury during the Hajj season of 1443 Hijri date (2022). Results A total of 264 people volunteered to participate in the survey. The mean age by years was 43.5 ± 10.7, and the majority (56%) were between 41 and 64. There were multiple nationalities - the most common nationality was Egyptian (25%), followed by Saudi (10%). The commonest type of trauma was cutting wounds (50%), and the commonest cause was falling (39%), followed by foot twisting (31%). There were 142 cases in Arafat and 122 cases in Mena in the study duration. Tissue contusions are higher in Arafat. Fractures (5%) were in both areas but higher in Mena with burns and sprains. Friction blister injuries were only in Mena and were statistically associated with walking barefoot (p<0.01), which was associated with Egyptians (p<0.05). Also, thigh chafing is only in Mena, while eye traumas and abrasion are only in Arafat. There were four causes of injury that are statistically significantly associated with the area (p<0.05): foot twisting in Arafat, pressing in overcrowding, stoning, and burning in Mena. Moreover, all the RTA cases (n=4) were in Arafat, and all the stoning and burning by boiling water were in Mena. Admission was only for burning (n=2) and falling (n=2) cases and only in Mena emergency hospital; otherwise, all trauma cases were discharged after receiving management - no deaths among the study sample. Injuries in Mena are likely to happen in the evening and night (n=91), while in Arafat, it is more likely in two periods (n=113), in the early morning and afternoon. This difference is statistically significant between the two areas (p<0.05). Most pilgrims (n=129/253) reach the hospital in 16 to 30 minutes. A statistically significant association exists between the duration and the area (p<0.05). Most patients in Arafat (88%) reach the hospital in less than 30 minutes, while only 50% take the same duration in Mena. Conclusion The Hajj season of 1443 H (2022) has a similar trauma pattern and improved outcomes compared to previous seasons. Discovering and digging into the causes of traumas and injuries should be optimized in future research for better control and customized prevention measures. Establishing new and remodeling current prevention measures is recommended for more control.
摘要：
介绍朝圣期间朝圣者的创伤和伤害很常见，最大的群众集会活动。创伤和伤害的原因各不相同，从人群跌倒和压迫到被开水和道路交通事故（RTA）烧伤。在朝j高度密集的地区到达医院的时间是公共卫生当局和医疗保健系统实现最佳控制的挑战，管理,和结果。这项研究旨在探索朝圣期间的创伤和伤害模式，因为这对改善未来的预防措施和护理质量至关重要。方法在麦加市Mena和Arafat（Al-Mashaar\'s地区）的一家医院进行横断面问卷调查研究，沙特阿拉伯,2022年7月8日至10日。数据是通过采访访问医院或进入急诊科并在1443年朝圣季节（2022年）期间被诊断为创伤或受伤的患者收集的。结果共有264人自愿参加调查。平均年龄为43.5±10.7岁，大多数（56％）在41至64岁之间。有多个国籍-最常见的国籍是埃及人（25％），其次是沙特（10%）。最常见的创伤类型是割伤（50%），最常见的原因是下降(39%)，其次是扭脚(31%)。在研究期间，阿拉法特有142例，梅纳有122例。阿拉法特的组织挫伤较高。骨折（5％）在两个区域，但Mena烧伤和扭伤较高。摩擦水疱伤只发生在Mena，与赤脚行走有统计学关联(p<0.01)，这与埃及人有关（p<0.05）。此外，大腿擦伤只在梅纳，而眼外伤和擦伤只在阿拉法特。有四种受伤原因与该区域有统计学意义（p<0.05）：阿拉法特的脚扭伤，过度拥挤，石刑,在Mena燃烧。此外，所有RTA病例（n=4）都在阿拉法特，所有的石刑和沸水焚烧都在梅纳。入院仅适用于烧伤（n=2）和坠落（n=2）病例，仅适用于Mena急诊医院；否则，所有创伤病例在接受治疗后均出院-研究样本中无死亡病例.Mena的损伤可能发生在晚上和晚上（n=91），在阿拉法特，更有可能出现在两个时期(n=113)，在清晨和下午。该差异在两个区域之间具有统计学显著性(p<0.05)。大多数朝圣者（n=129/253）在16至30分钟内到达医院。持续时间和面积之间存在统计学上显著的关联(p<0.05)。阿拉法特的大多数患者（88％）在不到30分钟的时间内到达医院，而在Mena中只有50％的人服用相同的持续时间。结论1443H（2022）的朝j季节与以前的季节相比具有相似的创伤模式和改善的结果。发现和挖掘创伤和伤害的原因应该在未来的研究中进行优化，以便更好地控制和定制预防措施。建议建立新的和重塑当前的预防措施以进行更多控制。
