这项研究开发了一种个体饲养方法来比较活饲料(沙虫Perinereisaibuhitensis)的效果,配方颗粒饮食,以及Kuruma虾日本对虾的活饲料和配方饲料的混合物,旨在最大程度地减少非饮食因素对竹节虫生长的影响,比如自相残杀.结果表明,活饲料,以其更高的蛋白质,必需氨基酸,和脂肪酸含量,与颗粒日粮相比,刺梨的生长和摄食性能明显更好(p<0.05)。混合饮食导致较低的平均每日蛋白质摄入量,但保持了与活饲料相当的生长和喂养性能。虾的肠道微生物群,以变形杆菌为主,拟杆菌,Firmicutes,和放线菌,显示出随着饮食变化的显著变化。具体来说,配方饲料增加了弧菌和光细菌的相对丰度,同时减少了Shimia和Rhodobacales(p<0.05),喂食活的食物导致了更复杂和稳定的细菌网络。值得注意的是,在虾中观察到生长和摄食的个体差异,一些配方饮食显示出与活饲料相当的生长。每只虾的最终重量,比增长率,蛋白质效率,平均每日食物摄入量与其初始体重呈正相关(p<0.05),每日摄入量随蜕皮周期周期性变化。这些发现表明,个体饲养是一种有效的方法,用于详细的饲料评估和监测。有助于改善饲料选择,发展,和喂养策略。
This study developed an individual-rearing method to compare the effects of live feed (sandworms Perinereis aibuhitensis), formulated pellet diets, and a mixture of live feed and formula feed on the Kuruma shrimp Penaeus japonicus, aiming to minimize the influence of non-dietary factors on the growth of P. japonicus, like cannibalism. Results indicated that live feed, with its higher protein, essential amino acids, and fatty acid content, led to significantly better growth and feeding performance in P. japonicus (p < 0.05) compared to pellet diets. A mixed diet resulted in a lower average daily protein intake yet maintained a growth and feeding performance comparable to live feed. The intestinal microbiota of shrimp, dominated by Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria, showed significant shifts with diet changes. Specifically, formulated feed increased the relative abundance of Vibrio and Photobacterium while decreasing Shimia and Rhodobacterales (p < 0.05), and feeding live food resulted in a more complex and stable bacterial network. Notably, individual variances in growth and feeding were observed among shrimps, with some on formulated diets showing growth comparable to those on live feed. Each shrimp\'s final weight, specific growth rate, protein efficiency rate, and average daily food intake positively correlated with its initial body weight (p < 0.05), and daily intake varied cyclically with the molting cycle. These findings suggest that individual-rearing is an effective approach for detailed feed evaluation and monitoring in P. japonicus, contributing to improved feed selection, development, and feeding strategies.