■作为临床决策的有用工具,诊断测试需要仔细解释,以防止诊断不足,过度诊断或误诊。这项研究的目的是探索初级保健医生对六种常见临床情景的测试结果前后疾病概率的理解和解释。
■这项横断面研究是通过2021年11月至2022年3月之间进行的面对面访谈,对在伊斯坦布尔初级保健工作的414名家庭医生进行的。参与者被要求在提供给他们的六种临床情景中估计诊断的概率。临床情景约为3例癌症筛查病例(乳腺癌,子宫颈和结肠直肠),和三例传染病(肺炎,尿路感染,和COVID-19)。对于每个场景,参与者在应用诊断测试之前估计诊断的概率,经过积极的测试结果,在测试结果为阴性之后。他们的估计与相关指南得出的真实答案进行了比较。
■对于所有场景,医生的估计明显高于科学证据范围。最小高估为COVID-19阳性检测结果,最大高估为宫颈癌前检测病例。在假设的患病率和测试准确性控制问题中,医生估计阳性测试结果的疾病概率为95.0%,阴性测试结果为5.0%,而正确答案为2.0%和0%,分别(p<0.001)。
■比较科学证据,在所有诊断方案中高估,不管这种疾病是急性感染还是癌症,可能表明概率方法不是由家庭医生进行的。为了防止对可能导致不正确或不必要的治疗和不良后果的测试的不准确的解释,必须加强循证决策能力。
UNASSIGNED: As useful tools for clinical decision-making, diagnostic tests require careful interpretation in order to prevent underdiagnosis, overdiagnosis or misdiagnosis. The aim of this study was to explore primary care practitioners\' understanding and interpretation of the probability of disease before and after test results for six common clinical scenarios.
UNASSIGNED: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 414 family physicians who were working at primary care in Istanbul via face-to-face interviews held between November 2021 and March 2022. The participants were asked to estimate the probability of diagnosis in six clinical scenarios provided to them. Clinical scenarios were about three cancer screening cases (breast, cervical and colorectal), and three infectious disease cases (pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and COVID-19). For each scenario participants estimated the probability of the diagnosis before application of a diagnostic test, after a positive test result, and after a negative test result. Their estimates were compared with the true answers derived from relevant guidelines.
UNASSIGNED: For all scenarios, physicians\' estimates were significantly higher than the scientific evidence range. The minimum overestimation was positive test result for COVID-19 and maximum was pre-test case for cervical cancer. In the hypothetical control question for prevalence and test accuracy, physicians estimated disease probability as 95.0% for a positive test result and 5.0% for a negative test result while the correct answers were 2.0 and 0%, respectively (p < 0.001).
UNASSIGNED: Comparing the scientific evidence, overestimation in all diagnostic scenarios, regardless of if the disease is an acute infection or a cancer, may indicate that the probabilistic approach is not conducted by the family physicians. To prevent inaccurate interpretation of the tests that may lead to incorrect or unnecessary treatments with adverse consequences, evidence-based decision-making capacity must be strengthened.