许多肿瘤以分层结构组织,在其顶点有一个可以维持的细胞,建立,并重新填充肿瘤-癌症干细胞。造血干细胞(HSC)是所有功能性血细胞的基础细胞。像HSC一样,白血病干细胞(LSC)被认为是白血病起始细胞,具有自我更新等干性特征,静止,和对细胞毒性药物的抗性。免疫表型,CD34+CD38-通过添加谱系阴性和CD90+CD45RA-来定义HSC。在成熟的哪个阶段,进一步的分化被阻断,决定了白血病的类型,并确定白血病类型特异性LSC的免疫表型。在淋巴白血病中没有明显的LSC表型被描述,并且争论是否存在特定的急性淋巴细胞白血病起始细胞,因为所有细胞都能够在次级小鼠模型中植入。在慢性淋巴细胞白血病中,B细胞克隆负责不受控制的增殖,不是特定的LSC。在慢性和急性髓系白血病中,LSC被描述为CD34+CD38-,具有异常表达的标记(LSC标记)的表达,例如CD45RA,CD123或在慢性髓性白血病的情况下CD26。在急性髓系白血病中,LSC负荷具有预后相关性,可能是一种生物标志物,可用于监测和作为可测量的残留病的补充.然而,需要探索CD34阴性免疫表型等挑战.
Many tumours are organised in a hierarchical structure with at its apex a cell that can maintain, establish, and repopulate the tumour-the cancer stem cell. The haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) is the founder cell for all functional blood cells. Like HSCs, the
leukaemia stem cells (LSC) are hypothesised to be the
leukaemia-initiating cells, which have features of stemness such as self-renewal, quiescence, and resistance to cytotoxic drugs. Immunophenotypically, CD34+CD38- defines HSCs by adding lineage negativity and CD90+CD45RA-. At which stage of maturation the further differentiation is blocked, determines the type of
leukaemia, and determines the immunophenotype of the LSC specific to the
leukaemia type. No apparent LSC phenotype has been described in lymphoid leukaemia, and it is debated if a specific acute lymphocytic leukaemia-initiating cell is present, as all cells are capable of engraftment in a secondary mouse model. In chronic lymphocytic
leukaemia, a B-cell clone is responsible for uncontrolled proliferation, not a specific LSC. In chronic and acute myeloid
leukaemia, LSC is described as CD34+CD38- with the expression of a marker that is aberrantly expressed (LSC marker), such as CD45RA, CD123 or in the case of chronic myeloid leukaemia CD26. In acute myeloid leukaemia, the LSC load had prognostic relevance and might be a biomarker that can be used for monitoring and as an addition to measurable residual disease. However, challenges such as the CD34-negative immunophenotype need to be explored.