行为和生理抗性是减缓流行病传播的关键。我们探讨了它们不同成本的进化和流行后果,这些成本与抗性进行了权衡。行为阻力影响社会凝聚力,与相关的组级成本,而生理抗性的成本仅由个人承担。Further,阻力,以及相关的传播减少,直接受益于易感主机,而受感染的宿主只能间接受益,通过减少向亲属的传播。因此,我们对在易感宿主中表达的降低传播的抗性与在感染宿主中表达的抗性的协同进化进行建模,作为亲属协会的功能,并分析对人口水平结果的影响。使用孔雀鱼的参数值,网状Poeciliareticulata,和他们的陀螺指的寄生虫,我们发现:(1)无论是易感还是被感染的宿主都应该在抗性上投入巨资,但不是两者都有;(2)亲缘关系比行为抗性更能推动对生理抗性的投资;(3)即使是弱水平的亲缘关系也可以有利于在抗性(相对于自私容忍)上投入大量的利他主义感染宿主,消灭寄生虫.总的来说,我们发现,弱亲缘关系会影响感染和易感投资在行为和生理抗性方面的共同进化,这表明亲缘选择可能会影响整个系统的疾病动态.
Behavioural and physiological resistance are key to slowing epidemic spread. We explore the evolutionary and epidemic consequences of their different costs for the evolution of tolerance that trades off with resistance. Behavioural resistance affects social cohesion, with associated group-level costs, while the cost of physiological resistance accrues only to the individual. Further, resistance, and the associated reduction in transmission, benefit susceptible hosts directly, whereas infected hosts only benefit indirectly, by reducing transmission to kin. We therefore model the coevolution of transmission-reducing resistance expressed in susceptible hosts with resistance expressed in infected hosts, as a function of kin association, and analyse the effect on population-level outcomes. Using parameter values for guppies, Poecilia reticulata, and their gyrodactylid parasites, we find that: (1) either susceptible or infected hosts should invest heavily in resistance, but not both; (2) kin association drives investment in physiological resistance more strongly than in behavioural resistance; and (3) even weak levels of kin association can favour altruistic infected hosts that invest heavily in resistance (versus selfish tolerance), eliminating parasites. Overall, our finding that weak kin association affects the coevolution of infected and susceptible investment in both behavioural and physiological resistance suggests that kin selection may affect disease dynamics across systems.