背景:认知功能差和骨质疏松症通常在以后的生活中共存。在女性中,这通常归因于绝经后雌激素流失.然而,这些疾病的共同早期生命起源以及认知功能与儿童骨密度(BMD)之间的关联以前尚未被研究过.我们在南安普敦妇女调查(SWS)母子队列中检查了6-7岁时的这些关系。
方法:儿童枕额围(OFC),大脑体积的代表,智商(IQ)[韦氏智力缩写量表]以及视觉识别和工作记忆[CANTAB®延迟匹配样本(DMS)和空间跨度长度(SSP),分别]进行了评估。进行全身无头(WBLH)和腰椎双能量X射线吸收法[HologicDiscovery](DXA)测量骨面积(BA),骨矿物质含量(BMC),BMD和骨矿物质表观密度(BMAD)。线性回归用于检查年龄和性别标准化变量之间的关联(β代表认知功能的标准差(SD)差异)。
结果:在1331名儿童中进行了DXA(平均(SD)年龄6.8(0.33)岁,51.5%男性),OFC,IQ,分别在1250、551、490和460中评估了DMS和SSP。OFC(β=0.25SD/SD,95CI0.20,0.30),智商(β=0.11SD/SD,95CI0.02,0.19),和DMS(β=0.11,SD/SD,95CI0.01,0.20)与WBLHBA呈正相关,腰椎BA具有类似的关联。OFC和DMS也与WBLHBMC呈正相关,但只有OFC与BMD相关(WBLH:β=0.38SD/SD,95CI0.33,0.43;LS:β=0.19SD/SD,95CI0.13,0.24)。
结论:儿童脑容量与骨骼大小和骨密度呈正相关,而智商和记忆力仅与骨骼大小有关。这些发现表明,应探索骨骼生长,BMD和认知功能的常见早期生命决定因素,以确定预防骨质疏松症和认知功能下降的潜在早期生命方法。
BACKGROUND: Poor cognitive function and osteoporosis commonly co-exist in later life. In women, this is often attributed to post-menopausal estrogen loss. However, a common early life origin for these conditions and the associations between cognitive function and bone mineral density (BMD) in childhood have not previously been explored. We examined these relationships at age 6-7 years in the Southampton Women\'s Survey (SWS) mother-offspring cohort.
METHODS: Child occipitofrontal circumference (OFC), a proxy for brain volume, intelligence quotient (IQ) [Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence] and visual recognition and working memory [CANTAB® Delayed Matching to Sample (DMS) and Spatial Span Length (SSP), respectively] were assessed. Whole-body-less-head (WBLH) and lumbar spine dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry [Hologic Discovery] (DXA) were performed to measure bone area (BA), bone mineral content (BMC), BMD and bone mineral apparent density (BMAD). Linear regression was used to examine associations between age and sex standardized variables (β represent standard deviation (SD) difference per SD of cognitive function).
RESULTS: DXA was performed in 1331 children (mean (SD) age 6.8 (0.33) years, 51.5 % male), with OFC, IQ, DMS and SSP assessed in 1250, 551, 490 and 460, respectively. OFC (β = 0.25 SD/SD, 95%CI 0.20,0.30), IQ (β = 0.11 SD/SD, 95%CI 0.02,0.19), and DMS (β = 0.11, SD/SD, 95%CI 0.01,0.20) were positively associated with WBLH BA, with similar associations for lumbar spine BA. OFC and DMS were also positively associated with WBLH BMC, but only OFC was associated with BMD (WBLH: β = 0.38 SD/SD, 95%CI 0.33,0.43; LS: β = 0.19 SD/SD, 95%CI 0.13,0.24).
CONCLUSIONS: Childhood brain volume was positively associated with measures of skeletal size and BMD, whereas IQ and memory were associated only with skeletal size. These findings suggest that common early life determinants for skeletal growth and BMD and cognitive function should be explored to identify potential early-life approaches to preventing osteoporosis and cognitive decline.