本研究旨在调查进化概况(包括多样性,活动,和丰度)在十种四齿形中具有长末端重复序列(LTR)的反转录转座子(RTN)。这些物种,Arothronfirmentum,Lagocephalussceleratus,paopalembangensis,Takifugubimaculatus,Takifuguflavidus,Takifuguocellatus,Takifugurublopes,四龙蛇,莫拉莫拉,还有Thamnaconusseptentrionalis,以脊椎动物中最小的基因组而闻名。数据挖掘揭示了LTR逆转录转座子(LTR-RTN)在这些紧凑的脊椎动物基因组中的高度多样性和广泛分布,物种之间的丰度不同。在这些基因组中总共鉴定出819个全长LTR-RTN序列,分为9个家族,属于4个不同的超家族:ERV(Orthoretrovirinae和Epsilon逆转录病毒),Copia,BEL-PAO,和吉普赛(Gmr,Mag,V型进化枝,CsRN1和Barthez)。吉普赛超家族表现出最高的多样性。LTR家族分布因物种而异,和Takifugubimaculatus在一起,Takifuguflavidus,Takifuguocellatus,和Takifugurubbripes具有最高的LTR家族和序列丰富度。此外,在特定的四牙形基因组中观察到最近入侵的证据,提示潜在的转座活动。这项研究提供了有关四齿形中LTR反转录转座子进化的见解,增强我们对它们对宿主基因组结构和进化的影响的理解。
This study aimed to investigate the evolutionary profile (including diversity, activity, and abundance) of retrotransposons (RTNs) with long terminal repeats (LTRs) in ten species of Tetraodontiformes. These species, Arothron firmamentum, Lagocephalus sceleratus, Pao palembangensis, Takifugu bimaculatus, Takifugu flavidus, Takifugu ocellatus, Takifugu rubripes, Tetraodon nigroviridis, Mola mola, and Thamnaconus septentrionalis, are known for having the smallest genomes among vertebrates. Data mining revealed a high diversity and wide distribution of LTR retrotransposons (LTR-RTNs) in these compact vertebrate genomes, with varying abundances among species. A total of 819 full-length LTR-RTN sequences were identified across these genomes, categorized into nine families belonging to four different superfamilies: ERV (Orthoretrovirinae and Epsilon retrovirus), Copia, BEL-PAO, and Gypsy (Gmr, Mag, V-clade, CsRN1, and Barthez). The Gypsy superfamily exhibited the highest diversity. LTR family distribution varied among species, with Takifugu bimaculatus, Takifugu flavidus, Takifugu ocellatus, and Takifugu rubripes having the highest richness of LTR families and sequences. Additionally, evidence of recent invasions was observed in specific tetraodontiform genomes, suggesting potential transposition activity. This study provides insights into the evolution of LTR retrotransposons in Tetraodontiformes, enhancing our understanding of their impact on the structure and evolution of host genomes.