背景:COVID-19大流行强调了采用健康生活方式以减轻严重后果和长期后果风险的重要性。
目的:这项研究的重点是评估从COVID-19康复后越南成年人中5种不健康生活方式行为的患病率和聚集性,特别强调性别差异。
方法:分析了2021年12月至2022年10月越南5890名COVID-19幸存者的横截面数据。考察5种不健康生活方式行为的性别差异(吸烟,饮酒,不健康的饮食,缺乏身体活动,和久坐的行为),绘制每种行为的百分比及其相应的95%CI。潜在类别分析用于根据这些行为的聚类来识别2个不同类别的个体:“不那么不健康”组和“更不健康”组。我们检查了与每个确定类别相关的社会人口统计学特征,并使用逻辑回归来调查与“更不健康”组相关的因素。
结果:大多数个体(男性参与者:2432/2447,99.4%,女性参与者:3411/3443,99.1%)表现出至少一种不健康的行为,男性参与者更容易受到多种不健康行为的影响。具有单一行为的男女比例为1.003,但对于表现出所有5种行为的个体,男女比例上升为25。男性参与者表现出酒精摄入与久坐行为(949/2447,38.8%)或不健康饮食(861/2447,35.2%)相结合的患病率较高。而女性参与者倾向于表现出缺乏体力活动和久坐行为(1305/3443,37.9%)或不健康饮食(1260/3443,36.6%).与单身男性参与者相比,已婚男性参与者进入“更不健康”组的几率增加(优势比[OR]1.45,95%CI1.14-1.85),而女性参与者的赔率较低(OR0.65,95%CI0.51-0.83)。体重不足的女性参与者显示出更高的可能性属于“更不健康”组(OR1.11,95%CI0.89-1.39),但在男性参与者中未观察到这一点(OR0.6,95%CI0.41-0.89).在两性中,年龄较大,依赖就业,高等教育,肥胖与“更不健康”组的可能性更高。
结论:该研究发现,COVID-19幸存者在不健康的生活方式行为方面存在显著的性别差异。与女性幸存者相比,男性幸存者更有可能从事不健康的行为。这些发现强调了针对特定性别不健康行为的量身定制的公共卫生干预措施的重要性。具体来说,解决不健康的习惯对于促进新冠肺炎后的健康和福祉至关重要。
BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the significance of adopting healthy lifestyles to mitigate the risk of severe outcomes and long-term consequences.
OBJECTIVE: This study focuses on assessing the prevalence and clustering of 5 unhealthy lifestyle behaviors among Vietnamese adults after recovering from COVID-19, with a specific emphasis on sex differences.
METHODS: The cross-sectional data of 5890 survivors of COVID-19 in Vietnam were analyzed from December 2021 to October 2022. To examine the sex differences in 5 unhealthy lifestyle behaviors (smoking, drinking, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and sedentary behavior), the percentages were plotted along with their corresponding 95% CI for each behavior. Latent class analysis was used to identify 2 distinct classes of individuals based on the clustering of these behaviors: the \"less unhealthy\" group and the \"more unhealthy\" group. We examined the sociodemographic characteristics associated with each identified class and used logistic regression to investigate the factors related to the \"more unhealthy\" group.
RESULTS: The majority of individuals (male participants: 2432/2447, 99.4% and female participants: 3411/3443, 99.1%) exhibited at least 1 unhealthy behavior, with male participants being more susceptible to multiple unhealthy behaviors. The male-to-female ratio for having a single behavior was 1.003, but it escalated to 25 for individuals displaying all 5 behaviors. Male participants demonstrated a higher prevalence of combining alcohol intake with sedentary behavior (949/2447, 38.8%) or an unhealthy diet (861/2447, 35.2%), whereas female participants tended to exhibit physical inactivity combined with sedentary behavior (1305/3443, 37.9%) or an unhealthy diet (1260/3443, 36.6%). Married male participants had increased odds of falling into the \"more unhealthy\" group compared to their single counterparts (odds ratio [OR] 1.45, 95% CI 1.14-1.85), while female participants exhibited lower odds (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.51-0.83). Female participants who are underweight showed a higher likelihood of belonging to the \"more unhealthy\" group (OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.89-1.39), but this was not observed among male participants (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.41-0.89). In both sexes, older age, dependent employment, high education, and obesity were associated with higher odds of being in the \"more unhealthy\" group.
CONCLUSIONS: The study identified notable sex differences in unhealthy lifestyle behaviors among survivors of COVID-19. Male survivors are more likely to engage in unhealthy behaviors compared to female survivors. These findings emphasize the importance of tailored public health interventions targeting sex-specific unhealthy behaviors. Specifically, addressing unhealthy habits is crucial for promoting post-COVID-19 health and well-being.