未经批准:长篇COVID描述了2019年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)的长期影响。在长期COVID患者中,神经心理学改变是经常报告的症状。研究指出长期COVID患者内侧颞叶功能障碍及其与嗅觉缺失的关系。这项研究旨在调查长期COVID患者的陈述性和程序性记忆的获得和巩固,并探讨失语症是否与这些分离的记忆功能有关。
未经评估:招募了42名长COVID参与者和30名对照(C)。根据是否存在嗅觉缺失,将长期感染COVID患者样本分为两组,A组和NA组,分别。言语陈述性记忆中的客观表现(配对关联学习,PAL),程序记忆(后视镜跟踪测试,MTT),一般认知功能(蒙特利尔认知评估量表),精神运动速度,和附带学习(数字符号替代测试)进行了评估和比较,NA,C组。采集后24小时评估PAL和MTT的长期保留。
未经评估:一般认知得分较低,精神运动速度,与C相比,A和NA中发现了持续的注意力,然而,附带学习,提示引导和自由召回,与C组相比,A组减少,与NA组无差异。在长期COVID组中,一般认知和附带学习仅与陈述性记忆功能有关。在回忆测试中,长期COVID组的口头陈述性记忆的长期保留率低于对照组,但在识别测试中没有差异。在程序记忆的获得中没有发现组差异。然而,与NA和C组相比,A组的这种记忆的长期保留较差,分别,当考虑错误和执行时间时。
未经评估:研究结果支持,在长期COVID患者中,程序性和陈述性记忆的巩固比这些记忆的获得受到的影响更大,与承认陈述性记忆相比,他们在延迟回忆中也更容易受到缺陷的影响。程序性记忆的巩固和陈述性信息的即时回忆的缺陷在患有失语症的长期COVID参与者中尤其相关。这表明COVID-19的嗅觉缺失可能与边缘系统的长期功能障碍有关。
UNASSIGNED: Long-COVID describes the long-term effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In long-COVID patients, neuropsychological alterations are frequently reported symptoms. Research points to medial temporal lobe dysfunction and its association with anosmia in long-COVID patients. This study aims to investigate the acquisition and consolidation of declarative and procedural memory in long-COVID patients and to explore whether anosmia is related to these dissociated memory functions.
UNASSIGNED: Forty-two long-COVID participants and 30 controls (C) were recruited. The sample of long-COVID patients was divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of anosmia, group A and group NA, respectively. Objective performance in verbal declarative memory (Paired-Associate Learning, PAL), procedural memory (Mirror Tracing Test, MTT), general cognitive function (Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale), psychomotor speed, and incidental learning (Digit Symbol Substitution Test) were assessed and compared among the A, NA, and C groups. Long-term retention of PAL and MTT were assessed 24 h after acquisition.
UNASSIGNED: Lower scores in general cognition, psychomotor speed, and sustained attention were found in A and NA compared with C. However, incidental learning, both cue-guided and free-recalled, was diminished in group A compared with C, with no differences with group NA. General cognition and incidental learning were related to declarative memory function exclusively in long-COVID groups. Long-COVID groups presented lower long-term retention of verbal declarative memory than controls in recall tests but no differences in recognition tests. No group differences were found in the acquisition of procedural memory. However, long-term retention of this memory was worse in group A as compared to the NA and C groups, respectively, when errors and time of execution were considered.
UNASSIGNED: Findings support that consolidation of both procedural and declarative memories is more affected than the acquisition of these memories in long-COVID patients, who are also more vulnerable to deficits in delayed recall than in recognition of declarative memories. Deficits in the consolidation of procedural memory and immediate recall of declarative information are especially relevant in long-COVID participants with anosmia. This indicates that anosmia in COVID-19 could be associated with a long-term dysfunction of the limbic system.