■愤怒可以引起个人和团体的行动。因此,了解愤怒的行为表型及其潜在的神经底物是很重要的。这里,我们引入了一个我们称之为真实愤怒的结构,一种负面的内部状态,激励人们采取行动以实现风险目标。我们通过两个概念验证研究中的可检验假设来评估我们的神经行为模型。
■研究1在受试者内部使用了激励气球模拟风险任务,对39名健康志愿者进行重复措施设计,以评估:(a)奖励封锁对真实愤怒的影响,通过阴性激活(NA)的自我报告评估,(b)取得奖励对繁荣的影响,通过阳性激活(PA)的自我报告评估,(c)这些配价状态的相互关系,以及(d)它们与人格的关系。
■任务诱导的NA与任务诱导的PA呈正相关,承担任务和特质社会效力(SP)的风险,多维人格问卷简要形式上的特质代理和奖励敏感性度量。
■研究2评估了接受20mgd-苯丙胺的健康志愿者对风险承担的功能MRI反应,安慰剂对照交叉设计(N=10名男性),提供有关儿茶酚胺激活期间腹侧纹状体对风险回报的反应的初步信息。
■特征SP和任务诱导的PA与右伏核中儿茶酚胺促进的BOLD反应呈正相关,其中DA预测误差信号塑造动作值和选择的大脑区域。参与者任务诱导的NA与特征SP和任务诱导的PA呈强烈正相关,复制研究1的发现。
■这些结果共同说明了愤怒的现象学和神经生物学,它招募激励激励电路,并激励个人行动,以应对带来风险的目标(定义为暴露于不确定性,障碍,潜在危害,损失和/或财务,情感,身体,或道德风险)。代理的神经机制,愤怒,繁荣,并讨论了冒险行为,对个人和群体行为有影响,决策,社会正义,和行为改变。
UNASSIGNED: Anger can engender action by individuals and groups. It is thus important to understand anger\'s behavioral phenotypes and their underlying neural substrates. Here, we introduce a construct we term agentic anger, a negatively valenced internal state that motivates action to achieve risky goals. We evaluate our neurobehavioral model via testable hypotheses in two proof-of-concept studies.
UNASSIGNED: Study 1 used the Incentive Balloon Analogue Risk Task in a within-subjects, repeated measures design in 39 healthy volunteers to evaluate: (a) impact of blockade of reward on agentic anger, assessed by self-reports of negative activation (NA), (b) impact of achievement of reward on exuberance, assessed by self-reports of positive activation (PA), (c) the interrelationship of these valenced states, and (d) their relationship with personality.
UNASSIGNED: Task-induced NA was positively correlated with task-induced PA, risk-taking on the task and trait Social Potency (SP), a measure of trait agency and reward sensitivity on the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire Brief-Form.
UNASSIGNED: Study 2 assessed functional MRI response to stakes for risk-taking in healthy volunteers receiving 20 mg d-amphetamine in a double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover design (N = 10 males), providing preliminary information on ventral striatal response to risky rewards during catecholamine activation.
UNASSIGNED: Trait SP and task-induced PA were strongly positively related to catecholamine-facilitated BOLD response in the right nucleus accumbens, a brain region where DA prediction error signal shapes action value and selection. Participants\' task-induced NA was strongly positively related with trait SP and task-induced PA, replicating the findings of Study 1.
UNASSIGNED: Together these results inform the phenomenology and neurobiology of agentic anger, which recruits incentive motivational circuitry and motivates personal action in response to goals that entail risk (defined as exposure to uncertainty, obstacles, potential harm, loss and/or financial, emotional, bodily, or moral peril). Neural mechanisms of agency, anger, exuberance, and risk-taking are discussed, with implications for personal and group action, decision-making, social justice, and behavior change.