这篇综述的目的是从现有的科学报告中总结有关犬和猫胱氨酸尿症的最新知识。半胱氨酸尿症是一种遗传性代谢缺陷,其特征是肠和肾氨基酸转运异常,其中胱氨酸和二元氨基酸鸟氨酸,赖氨酸,和精氨酸参与(可乐)。在正常的尿液pH值,鸟氨酸,赖氨酸,精氨酸是可溶的,但半胱氨酸形成二聚体,胱氨酸,相对不溶,导致晶体沉淀。仅在某些犬科动物品种中鉴定了编码COLA转运蛋白的基因的突变和遗传方式。膀胱尿症犬可形成与典型临床症状相关的尿路结石(主要在下尿路)。与北美(美国和加拿大)相比,欧洲国家的胱氨酸尿石症的患病率要高得多(根据最近的报告高达14%),北美(美国和加拿大)的患病率约为1-3%。可以通过检测胱氨酸尿石症来诊断。胱氨酸晶体尿,氨基酸尿症的评估,或者用基因测试.膀胱尿症的治疗旨在通过饮食改变或药物治疗来去除或溶解尿石。在患有雄激素依赖性胱氨酸尿症的狗中,阉割会有帮助。在猫中,与狗相比,胱氨酸尿症的发生频率较低。
The purpose of this review is to summarize current knowledge on canine and feline cystinuria from available scientific reports. Cystinuria is an inherited metabolic defect characterized by abnormal intestinal and renal amino acid transport in which cystine and the dibasic amino acids ornithine, lysine, and arginine are involved (COLA). At a normal urine pH, ornithine, lysine, and arginine are soluble, but cysteine forms a dimer, cystine, which is relatively insoluble, resulting in crystal precipitation. Mutations in genes coding COLA transporter and the mode of inheritance were identified only in some canine breeds. Cystinuric dogs may form uroliths (mostly in lower urinary tract) which are associated with typical clinical symptoms. The prevalence of cystine urolithiasis is much higher in European countries (up to 14% according to the recent reports) when compared to North America (United States and Canada) where it is approximately 1-3%. Cystinuria may be diagnosed by the detection of cystine urolithiasis, cystine crystalluria, assessment of amino aciduria, or using genetic tests. The management of cystinuria is aimed at urolith removal or dissolution which may be reached by dietary changes or medical treatment. In dogs with androgen-dependent cystinuria, castration will help. In cats, cystinuria occurs less frequently in comparison with dogs.