近年来,环境中的微塑料污染已成为人们关注的问题。悬浮大气微塑料的运输和沉积在微塑料源和汇的全球联系中起着重要作用。在这次审查中,我们总结了采样装置的最新研究进展,预处理,大气微塑料的鉴定方法。总悬浮颗粒和大气沉积,包括灰尘,降雨,和雪样本,是大气微塑料研究的环境载体。有主动和被动采样方法。预处理取决于样品类型和鉴定方法,包括筛分,消化,密度分离,过滤,和干燥。大气微塑料的测量特征包括粒径分布,形状,颜色,表面形态,和聚合物成分,使用立体显微镜,傅里叶变换红外光谱,扫描电子显微镜,拉曼光谱,和液相色谱-串联质谱。激光直接红外光谱和热化学方法与质谱联用是识别大气微塑料的潜在方法。目前,用于估算大气微塑料排放通量的模型,运输,和沉积处于发展的初始阶段;它们的实施将增强我们对基于模拟和观测数据的全球“微塑料循环”的理解。
Microplastic pollution in the environment has become a source of concern in recent years. The transport and deposition of suspended atmospheric microplastics play an important role in the global linkage of microplastic sources and sinks. In this review, we summarized recent research progress on sampling devices, pretreatments, and identification methods for atmospheric microplastics. The total suspended particles and atmospheric deposition, including dust, rainfall, and snow samples, are the environmental carriers for atmospheric microplastic studies. There are active and passive sampling methods. Pretreatment depends on sample types and identification methods and includes sieving, digestion, density separation, filtration, and drying. The measured features for atmospheric microplastics include particle size distributions, shapes, colors, surface morphology, and polymer compositions, using stereomicroscopes, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Laser direct infrared spectroscopy and thermochemical methods coupled with mass spectrometry are potential methods for identifying atmospheric microplastics. Currently, models for estimating the fluxes of atmospheric microplastic emission, transport, and deposition are in the initial stages of development; their implementation will enhance our understanding of the \"microplastic cycle\" globally based on simulated and observed data.