Abstract：
Exosomes have emerged as critical mediators of intercellular communication and various physiological processes between cells and their environment. These nano-sized vesicles have been extensively investigated and confirmed to exhibit multifunctionality in animal systems. In particular, they participate in intercellular signaling, influence disease progression, and exhibit biological activity. However, Plant-Derived Exosomes (PDEs), especially therapeutic PDEs, have received relatively limited attention in the past few decades. Recent studies have demonstrated that PDEs are involved in signaling molecule transport in addition to intercellular communication, as they serve as functional molecules in the cellular microenvironment. This characteristic highlights the immense potential of PDEs for a wide array of applications, including antioxidation, anti-inflammation, tumour cell elimination, immune modulation, and tissue regeneration. In addition, PDEs hold substantial promise as efficient drug carriers, enhancing the stability and bioavailability of therapeutic agents and consequently enabling targeted delivery to specific cells or tissues. Therefore, PDEs may serve as effective tools for drug delivery and the treatment of various diseases. This comprehensive review provides an overview of recent studies on therapeutic PDEs, focusing on their extraction, isolation, characterization methods, biological activities, and application prospects. It summarises the research progress of exosome-like nanovesicles derived from medicinal plants, with a specific emphasis on traditional Chinese medicine, and highlights their importance in disease treatment and nanoparticle delivery. The main objective is to accelerate the clinical translation of these nanovesicles while providing novel approaches and methodologies for the research and development of innovative drugs.
摘要：
外来体已成为细胞间通讯和细胞与其环境之间的各种生理过程的关键介质。这些纳米大小的囊泡已被广泛研究并证实在动物系统中表现出多功能性。特别是,它们参与细胞间信号传导，影响疾病进展，并表现出生物活性。然而,植物来源外泌体(PDEs),尤其是治疗性PDEs,在过去的几十年中，受到的关注相对有限。最近的研究表明，PDEs除了参与细胞间的通讯外，还参与信号分子的转运。因为它们在细胞微环境中充当功能分子。这一特点突出了PDE在广泛的应用中的巨大潜力，包括抗氧化，抗炎，肿瘤细胞消除，免疫调节，和组织再生。此外,PDE作为有效的药物载体有着巨大的希望，增强治疗剂的稳定性和生物利用度,并因此能够靶向递送至特定细胞或组织。因此,PDE可以作为药物递送和治疗各种疾病的有效工具。这篇全面的综述概述了治疗性PDEs的最新研究，专注于他们的提取，隔离,表征方法，生物活动，和应用前景。综述了药用植物外泌体样纳米囊泡的研究进展,特别强调中医，并强调了它们在疾病治疗和纳米颗粒递送中的重要性。主要目标是加速这些纳米囊泡的临床翻译，同时为创新药物的研究和开发提供新的方法和方法。
