背景:在休息时或与运动联合应用的间歇性缺氧促进了人类表现和健康方面的多种有益适应。据推测,用中度高氧来代替常氧可以增加对间歇性低氧刺激的适应性反应。
目的:我们的目的是系统回顾关于慢性间歇性低氧-高氧(IHH)对人类表现和健康相关结局的影响的文献现状。
方法:PubMed,WebofScience™,Scopus,和Cochrane图书馆数据库根据PRISMA指南(2000年1月至2021年9月)使用以下纳入标准进行搜索:(1)涉及人类的原始研究文章,(2)IHH的慢性效应研讨,(3)包括未暴露于IHH的对照组,和(4)在同行评审期刊上发表的英文文章。
结果:在最初发现的1085篇文章中,纳入了8项研究。IHH仅在不同人群中休息时进行,包括老年患者(n=1),患有心血管疾病(n=3)和代谢疾病(n=2)或认知障碍(n=1)的老年患者,和患有过度训练综合征的年轻运动员(n=1)。纳入的研究证实了长期暴露于IHH的有益影响,显示运动耐量的改善,峰值摄氧量,和全球认知功能,以及降低血糖水平。可以看出,长期暴露于IHH可以引起收缩压和舒张压降低。IHH是否对血脂水平和血液学参数产生有益影响的证据目前尚无定论。荟萃分析是不可能的,因为所审查的研究在研究人群和结果参数方面具有相当大的异质性。
结论:根据已发表的文献,可以认为,长期暴露于IHH可能是改善峰值耗氧量的一种有希望的非药物干预策略。运动耐受力,和认知表现以及降低血糖水平,老年心血管和代谢性疾病或认知障碍患者的收缩压和舒张压。然而,需要进一步的具有足够样本量的随机对照试验来确认和扩展证据.该系统评价已在国际前瞻性系统评价登记册(PROSPERO-ID:CRD42021281248)(https://www。crd.约克。AC.英国/繁荣/)。
BACKGROUND: Intermittent hypoxia applied at rest or in combination with exercise promotes multiple beneficial adaptations with regard to performance and health in humans. It was hypothesized that replacing normoxia by moderate hyperoxia can increase the adaptive response to the intermittent hypoxic stimulus.
OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to systematically review the current state of the literature on the effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxia (IHH) on performance- and health-related outcomes in humans.
METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science™, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched in accordance with PRISMA guidelines (January 2000 to September 2021) using the following inclusion criteria: (1) original research articles involving humans, (2) investigation of the chronic effect of IHH, (3) inclusion of a control group being not exposed to IHH, and (4) articles published in peer-reviewed journals written in English.
RESULTS: Of 1085 articles initially found, eight studies were included. IHH was solely performed at rest in different populations including geriatric patients (n = 1), older patients with cardiovascular (n = 3) and metabolic disease (n = 2) or cognitive impairment (n = 1), and young athletes with overtraining syndrome (n = 1). The included studies confirmed the beneficial effects of chronic exposure to IHH, showing improvements in exercise tolerance, peak oxygen uptake, and global cognitive functions, as well as lowered blood glucose levels. A trend was discernible that chronic exposure to IHH can trigger a reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The evidence of whether IHH exerts beneficial effects on blood lipid levels and haematological parameters is currently inconclusive. A meta-analysis was not possible because the reviewed studies had a considerable heterogeneity concerning the investigated populations and outcome parameters.
CONCLUSIONS: Based on the published literature, it can be suggested that chronic exposure to IHH might be a promising non-pharmacological intervention strategy for improving peak oxygen consumption, exercise tolerance, and cognitive performance as well as reducing blood glucose levels, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure in older patients with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases or cognitive impairment. However, further randomized controlled trials with adequate sample sizes are needed to confirm and extend the evidence. This systematic review was registered on the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO-ID: CRD42021281248) ( https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ ).