在肿瘤发生过程中,癌症不仅逃避了身体的调节机制,而且还获得了影响局部和全身稳态的能力。具体来说,肿瘤产生细胞因子,免疫介质,经典的神经递质,下丘脑和垂体激素,生物胺,褪黑激素,和糖皮质激素,如人类和动物模型所证明的。肿瘤,通过释放这些神经激素和免疫介质,可以控制主要的神经内分泌中心,如下丘脑,垂体,肾上腺,和甲状腺通过中央调节轴调节身体稳态。我们假设肿瘤衍生的儿茶酚胺,血清素,褪黑激素,神经肽,和其他神经递质可以影响身体和大脑的功能。局部自主神经和感觉神经与肿瘤之间的双向通信,对大脑有推定的影响,也是预想的。总的来说,我们认为,癌症可以控制中枢神经内分泌和免疫系统,以一种有利于宿主扩张的模式来重置身体稳态。
During oncogenesis, cancer not only escapes the body\'s regulatory mechanisms, but also gains the ability to affect local and systemic homeostasis. Specifically, tumors produce cytokines, immune mediators, classical neurotransmitters, hypothalamic and pituitary hormones, biogenic amines, melatonin, and glucocorticoids, as demonstrated in human and animal models of cancer. The tumor, through the release of these neurohormonal and immune mediators, can control the main neuroendocrine centers such as the hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenals, and thyroid to modulate body homeostasis through central regulatory axes. We hypothesize that the tumor-derived catecholamines, serotonin, melatonin, neuropeptides, and other neurotransmitters can affect body and brain functions. Bidirectional communication between local autonomic and sensory nerves and the tumor, with putative effects on the brain, is also envisioned. Overall, we propose that cancers can take control of the central neuroendocrine and immune systems to reset the body homeostasis in a mode favoring its expansion at the expense of the host.