OBJECTIVE: The study aims to provide a comprehensive case analysis from a single center, with the objective of clarifying the optimal timing and recommending a preferred treatment strategy customized to the specific presentation of each type of supernumerary tooth (SNT) identified in our research.
METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on patients who presented with SNT and were treated through an interdisciplinary at the clinic.
RESULTS: 55 patients with 81 SNT of the permanent dentition were analyzed. They included 30 males and 25 females. The dentition status of the patients was as follows: 31 patients with mixed dentition, 0 patients with deciduous dentition, and 24 patients with permanent dentition. The diagnosis of SNT diagnosis was primarily made by general or pediatric dentists and/or orthodontists. Patients were then referred to maxillofacial surgeons for treatment decision. The timing of treatment was mainly determined by the oral surgeon, based on the recommendations of the other specialists involved. Cases involving mal-eruption or malalignment of permanent teeth required both surgical and orthodontic treatment. Patients over 9 years old were treated either under local anesthesia or sedation, while those under 9 years old were treated under deep sedation or general anesthesia A comprehensive investigation of cases involved the utilization of cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) at the SNT site to facilitate treatment planning. There was a significant correlation between younger age and the preference for treatment under sedation or general anesthesia (p=0.01, t-test). Similarly, a strong association was found between younger age and the need for additional orthodontic treatment (p=0.016, t-test). Cases of surgical removal of SNT at a young age typically did not require orthodontic traction of the permanent tooth, in contrast to cases of late surgical intervention (patients over 11 years old), which often did necessitate such traction. There was a strong tendency for treating supernumerary teeth (SNT) in the maxilla. The proximity of SNTs to vital anatomical landmarks significantly influenced treatment decisions. Patients with SNTs near the mental foramen or the inferior dental canal in the premolar area were exclusively placed under follow-up care (p=0.002, Pearson\'s chi-square test). However, in the maxilla, the proximity of SNTs to vital structures such as the floor of the nose and the incisive nerve did not affect the treatment approach, and those supernumerary teeth were mostly removed.
CONCLUSIONS: A team approach for managing supernumerary teeth (SNT) is recommended. The timing of treatment should carefully consider the advantages and disadvantages of early versus late intervention. Early surgical treatment in cases where eruption is disturbed might result in spontaneous eruption, eliminating the need for orthodontic traction of the permanent teeth.

OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional study investigated the association between fungiform papillae (FP) numbers and tooth number anomalies in children, considering variables related to hypodontia and hyperdontia. The aim was to explore this association while adjusting for age and sex differences.
METHODS: A total of 144 children (aged 8-10) were categorized into hypodontia (n = 48), hyperdontia (n = 48), and control groups (n = 48). Clinical and radiographic diagnoses were used to classify tooth number anomalies. Hypodontia was categorized by number and location, while hyperdontia was categorized by number, shape, and location. FP were assessed using the Denver Papillae Protocol. Data analyses were performed using NCSS software, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant.
RESULTS: The hypodontia group (22.5 ± 8.4) exhibited significantly lower FP than the control group (30.4 ± 9.2) and the hyperdontia group (27.9 ± 7.8) (p < 0.0005, p = 0.003, respectively). No significant difference existed between the hyperdontia and control groups. FP numbers in hypodontia subgroups showed no significant differences based on teeth agenesis numbers or locations. Similarly, hyperdontia subgroup analyses revealed no significant differences in FP numbers based on supernumerary teeth shapes (supplemental, conical, tuberculoid, paramolar) or the numbers of supernumerary teeth.
CONCLUSIONS: The lower FP numbers in children with hypodontia suggested an association between teeth and FP number. However, the non-significant difference in FP numbers with hyperdontia underscored the complexity of tooth development, warranting further investigations.
CONCLUSIONS: Children with hypodontia may exhibit distinct FP numbers compared to those without tooth number anomalies.

BACKGROUND: Odontogenic anomalies encompass deviations in dental morphology, orientation, or spatial positioning within the mandibular structures. This study probed the frequency of such dental malformations among orthodontic patients receiving treatment in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, the study sought to discern variations in the manifestation of these dental anomalies related to gender and nationality.
METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 384 panoramic radiographs belonging to orthodontic patients (comprising 222 males and 162 females) who sought treatment at orthodontic clinics of a privately owned university hospital in Riyadh City between 2017 and 2019. The patient records were scrutinized for various dental abnormalities, including but not limited to dilacerated teeth, supernumerary teeth, congenital absence of teeth, impactions, hyperdontia, hypodontia, taurodontism, tooth rotation, and amelogenesis imperfecta. The Chi-square test was employed to assess the correlation between the prevalence of dental anomalies and variables such as gender and nationality. A p-value of less than 0.05 was deemed statistically significant for all tests.
RESULTS: Among the assessed sample size of orthodontic patients, dental impactions emerged as the most prevalent dental anomaly, affecting 246 patients (64.1%). This was followed by the occurrence of supernumerary teeth in 31 patients (8.1%), hyperdontia in 29 patients (7.6%), and congenital absence of teeth in 28 patients (7.3%). Other less frequently observed dental irregularities included dilacerated teeth in 23 patients (6%), amelogenesis imperfecta in 12 patients (3.1%), taurodontism in 12 patients (3.1%), and tooth rotations in five patients (1.3%). A statistically significant gender-based disparity was observed, with dental impactions being more prevalent among males (n=154; 69.4%) than females (n=92; 56.8%). Conversely, supernumerary teeth were more prevalent among females (n=24; 14.8%) than males (n=7; 3.2%). No significant variation in the prevalence of dental anomalies was discernible across different nationalities.
CONCLUSIONS: Impactions and the presence of supernumerary teeth were the predominant dental anomalies detected among the studied orthodontic patient population. The prevalence of dental anomalies exhibited discernible variations based on gender but not nationality. These disparities could potentially influence orthodontic outcomes, underscoring the necessity for meticulous examination and tailored orthodontic treatment planning.

Hyperdontia involving the premolar teeth can be single or multiple or even related to a syndrome. These are frequently encountered in permanent dentition, but their occurrence has ranged between 0.09 and 0.64% in the general population. These are commonly found between the permanent canines and first premolars but rarely between the first and second premolars. These are usually eumorphic and can be easily identified as they follow the conventional tooth morphology. These are usually asymptomatic and not easily palpable unless they are very close to eruption. A lingual approach is preferred during their removal over the buccal method as it poses less risk of root trauma. In this case, bilateral accessory premolar tooth buds were present between the first and second premolars. Since the patient was undergoing orthodontic treatment, she was advised to remove these accessory teeth. For their removal, a Neumann flap with a buccal approach was used, which led to fracturing the root apex of the mandibular right second premolar root. On follow-up over the next 1 year, no other complications or secondary tooth germs were observed, and following a period of bone formation, the bone in the affected area formed normally again.

Hyperdontia can cause numerous aesthetic and functional problems. The diagnosis is made radiologically, and the most commonly used radiological method is orthopantomography, while CBCT is also used. CBCT has the advantage of being three-dimensional. Artificial Intelligence is widely used in medicine and dentistry, and it can create a specific algorithm to aid in diagnosis and suggest therapeutic procedures. In a case report, a 6-year-old boy was diagnosed with a supernumerary tooth between the upper central incisors. Orthopantomography revealed another impacted supernumerary tooth, and the patient was referred for CBCT. A platform for analyzing dental images, based on artificial intelligence, Diagnocat (Diagnocat Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA), was used for analysis and the AI system identified the supernumerary teeth and provided a complete plan for treatment. The use of AI in dentistry allows for faster and more accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.

We described an 11-year follow-up of a patient with a non-syndrome multiple supernumerary teeth who had one extra tooth in the maxilla and four additional premolars in the mandible. Together with an additional distal migration of the second lower right premolar to the ramus of the mandible that also occurred, it comprises a unique combination of conditions that were not previously presented in the literature. We showed the significance of routine X-rays in cases of hyperdontia since the additional teeth may develop later than expected and the patient may not experience any symptoms.

Supernumerary teeth and taurodontism are both common dental anomalies when found as isolated entities. However, simultaneous presence in the same individual without a syndrome is rarely reported in the literature. This case report describes a 20-year-old non-syndromic male with multiple supernumerary teeth in association with multiple molar and premolar taurodonts and no family history of genetic predisposing factors. Taurodontism was measured and confirmed through cone-beam computed tomography for accuracy of the classification. Early diagnosis with the aid of radiographic imaging and persistent follow-up are crucial to treatment.

A tooth that does not erupt into the dental arch during the anticipated developmental window is said to be impacted. A supernumerary tooth (ST) would be any dentition or odontogenic entity that grows from a tooth germ more often than is typical for a particular area of the dental arch (ST). The study\'s goal is to determine how commonly impacted supernumerary teeth are present within the Indian community. This research project at the institution which was retrospective was done on dental patients who went to the private dental hospital between March 2020 and March 2021. We looked over the medical records of 86,000 patients at the private dental institution and analyzed the data. In the study\'s 74,421 impaction cases, 139 instances of impacted extra teeth were found. For statistical analysis, collected data were analyzed, entered into an Excel document, and imported into SPSS version 21. In the study population, males between the ages of 21 and 35 years were more frequently observed to have supernumerary impacted teeth. Impacted teeth were more frequently observed in the posterior region rather than the anterior region. Within the constraints of the study, it was shown that males between the ages of 21 and 35 years and the posterior part of the mouth experienced impacted supernumerary teeth the most frequently.

The development of tooth is a complex process wherein there is a series of interactions between the ectoderm and ectomesenchyme. Hyperdontia (also called supernumerary teeth) is a developmental abnormality being additional to the normal series of teeth with unknown etiology and is rare in ruminants. In this report, a rare case with two abnormal teeth outside the alveolar region, observed in a healthy 3-month-old female lamb was presented. The congenital defect consisted of the presence of 2 teeth positioned bilaterally in the caudal part of the mandible ramus and under the prominent pendulous skin; so, with retraction of prominent pendulous skin, these ectopic teeth were seen outside of the skin. The anomaly was found during a routine physical examination and no other congenital abnormalities were found in the lamb. The etiology of supernumerary teeth is not completely understood. This odontogenic abnormality appears to be an extraordinarily rare condition. Genetic, toxic, infectious or environmental factors related to congenital abnormalities affect the tooth growth. Depending on the supernumerary teeth position, surgery may be required.

UNASSIGNED: Supernumerary teeth (ST) represent one of the most common developmental anomalies among humans.
UNASSIGNED: In this study, we set a goal to investigate ST prevalence in the Bosnian and Herzegovinian population along with characteristics and complications that ST can cause.
UNASSIGNED: This retrospective study was based on panoramic radiographs, CBCT images, and dental records. Analyzed ST characteristics were: type, morphology, location, eruption state, location in the arch, orientation, and associated clinical complications. Statistical analysis included univariate analysis and bivariate analysis using Fisher\'s exact test with a confidence interval of 95% (p<0.05).
UNASSIGNED: On a sample of 10.237 patients, ST teeth appear in 100 patients with a prevalence of 0.98%. Out of 138 analyzed ST mesiodens was the most frequent (43.47%). The most common location of the ST was maxilla (77.53%). The majority of ST were impacted (90.5%) but with no complications (71.7%). There was statistically significant relationship (p<0.001) between the type of ST and location (mesiodens and distomolars were mostly found in the maxilla). The relationship between ST type and morphology was also statistically significant (p<0.001)-mesiodens was associated with conical morphology, parapremolar with supplementary, and distomolar with tuberculate morphology. The occurrence of ST-associated retention of adjacent teeth was correlated to the type of tooth (p<0.001).
UNASSIGNED: The present study found prevalence of ST in B&H population to be low. Although associated pathology was not high early diagnosis allows optimal patient management which reduces later complications.